| Cultivated land quality is one of the factors of agricultural production.For a long time,mechanized shallow rotation has led to thinning of the cultivated layer and deterioration of soil quality.The investigation found that a unified farming system has not been formed in the rice-wheat rotation area in Jiangsu Province,and the impact of different farming modes on the physical properties of the soil is unclear.To this end,three indicators of rice cultivation,wheat cultivation,and straw returning to the field were selected to carry out a three-factor two-level orthogonal experiment,and soil firmness,bulk density,moisture content,field water holding capacity and crop yield were used as response indicators.Analysis and analysis of variance to explore the impact of different farming modes on soil physical properties and crop yields.In the experiment,the cultivation of rice season included: leveling after the water soaked field and then rotary tillage(hereinafter referred to as "water leveling",W),and leveling after rotary tillage and then water soaking on the field(hereinafter referred to as "dry plowing",D);wheat season cultivation included : Plowing followed by rotary tillage sowing(hereinafter referred to as "plow tillage",P),and sowing after rotary tillage(hereinafter referred to as "rotary tillage",R);straw returning to the field includes: not returning to the field(NS),returning to the field(AS).The combination forms eight farming modes: WP+NS,WP+AS,WR+NS,WR+AS,DP+NS,DP+AS,DR+NS,DR+AS.The main findings are as follows:(1)Different farming patterns have an impact on soil firmness.Wheat season: In the 0-15 cm soil layer,there is no significant difference between water preparation and dry soil preparation.In the 15-20 cm soil layer,the soil solidity after water preparation is 8.4% lower than that of dry soil preparation;in the 0-12.5cm soil layer,the soil is ploughed The firmness is lower than 2MPa,and the cultivated layer becomes deeper;straw returning to the field has no significant effect.Rice season: In the 0-10 cm soil layer,WR is 5.6% lower than DP,while in the 10-20 cm soil layer,WR is 7.3% higher than DP;straw returning to the field has no significant effect.(2)Different farming modes have an impact on soil bulk density.Wheat season: In the0-5cm soil layer,WR is 7.1% lower than DP,and in the 5-15 cm soil layer,plowing is 8%lower than rotary tillage.Rice season: In the 0-5cm soil layer,the DR is 5.7% lower than the WR,that is,dry land preparation is beneficial to improve the soil structure of this layer.In the 5-10 cm soil layer,the DP+AS bulk density is the smallest,and in the 10-20 cm soil layer,WP+AS The bulk density is the smallest,and water preparation can significantly reduce the bulk density of the soil layer above 10 cm.(3)Different farming patterns have an impact on soil moisture content.Wheat season:0-5cm soil layer,the WR+AS model has the lowest water content.In 5-15 cm soil layer,ploughing is 5.1% lower than rotary tilling.Rice season: in the 0-15 cm soil layer,the DR soil moisture content is the smallest.(4)Different farming patterns have an impact on the soil water holding capacity in the field.Wheat season: 0-5cm soil layer,DR mode has a large field water holding capacity,5-10 cm soil layer,DP mode has a large field water holding capacity,8.5% higher than DR mode,10-20 cm soil layer,the difference between water and dry land preparation is not significant;Returning straw to the field is 13% higher than not returning it to the field,which is conducive to improving the water retention capacity of the soil in the wheat season.Rice season: DP+AS model has the largest field water holding capacity.(5)The effects of different farming modes and their interactions on the yields of rice and wheat were not significant.The yield of rice in DP+AS mode is higher,15% higher than that in WR+NS mode;wheat yield in WR+AS mode is higher,8% higher than DP+AS,18%higher than WP+NS,the lowest yield of rice and wheat farming The modes are WP+NS.Considering soil firmness,bulk density,water content,field water holding capacity,and crop yield,the preferred farming mode is DP+AS,that is,the rice season is dry and plowed,the wheat season is plowed,and all straw is returned to the field. |
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