| Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)is one of the oldest edible legumes cultivated by human beings.It is widely cultivated all over the world.In temperate zone,winter sowing faba beans require a long winter to bloom and pod.The growth period is long and the harvest period is short,so the economic benefit is not high.Through artificial vernalization technology,the flowering time of faba bean can be significantly shortened and the market time of faba bean fresh seeds can be advanced,it also can prolong the harvest time and improve economic benefits.Therefore,artificial vernalization is the key technique for early ripening and efficient cultivation of faba bean.Although the vernalization technology of faba bean has been initially applied to production practice in Jiangsu Province,the related research is still in its infancy.In this study,the germplasm resources of faba bean suitable for artificial vernalization were screened,and the intensity of vernalization and the physiological indexes of leaves were determined after vernalization treatment.In order to increase the integrity and systematicness of the vernalization theory of faba bean and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the breeding of faba bean vernalization.In this study,1141 faba bean resources collected by Institute of economic crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as experimental materials to comprehensively explore the genetic diversity of agronomic characters related to faba bean germplasm resources and analyze the correlation among agronomic characters.Then 250 high quality faba bean varieties from different producing areas were treated with artificial vernalization,and the flowering period,pod stage,green pod harvest period,plant height and branches of different faba bean varieties were counted after vernalization treatment,and the germplasm resources suitable for artificial Vernalization in Jiangsu Province were selected.In addition,the vernalization mechanism of faba bean was preliminarily explored.The main results are as follows:(1)1141 faba bean resources come from a wide range of sources and are rich in genetic diversity,in which the coefficient of variation of yield is the largest,which is 43.531%,and that of the initial pod stage is the smallest,which is 2.071%.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was90.089%,which could represent the phenotypic characteristics of 1141 faba bean resources to a large extent.According to the results of cluster analysis,1141 samples of faba bean can be divided into 2 groups,which can be used as an indirect index for breeding faba bean varieties.Finally,based on flowering stage,pod stage,100-seed weight,grain area and yield,310 faba bean resources were selected and the natural group of faba bean was constructed,which not only retained the genetic association of the initial group,but also removed a lot of genetic redundancy.(2)The response of different faba bean resources to vernalization was different.250high-quality faba bean resources were selected based on the varieties with 100 seed weight more than 120 g.The characters of 250 vernalization faba beans were studied.It was found that 185 faba beans could bloom within 42 days after planting,179 faba beans could pod within 70 days after planting,and 118 varieties could be harvested and put on the market within 100 days.In addition,the plant height of most faba bean after vernalization was higher than that of the control,but the number of branches was lower than that of the control.Based on the above characters,34 faba bean varieties suitable for artificial vernalization were selected,such as‘ sucan 3’ and‘ daqingpi’ from Jiangsu,and ‘0 9006’ and ‘0 9011’ from Sichuan.The study also found that the early flowering varieties had the best effect after 14 days of vernalization,which could bloom significantly earlier,continue to prolong the vernalization time would not have a significant effect,or even delay flowering,while the late flowering varieties would have a good effect of prolonging the vernalization time.In addition,after the death of faba bean by freezing injury,it will develop again and blossom and pod under suitable conditions after harvesting,but the reproductive capacity of most varieties will be weakened,and 10 varieties will have more than 30 pods after regeneration.(3)The contents of endogenous hormones from normal growth to budding stage of faba bean varieties with early and late flowering were determined after vernalization treatment.The results showed that after vernalization treatment,the contents of gibberellin,indole acetic acid and Zeatin nucleoside in the early flowering varieties were lower than those in the control group,and the hormone content in the early flowering faba bean was lower than that in the late flowering faba bean.Abscisic acid content of early flowering faba bean was significantly higher than that of control,but that of late flowering faba bean was slightly lower than that of control after vernalization.In this study,1141 accessions of faba bean germplasm resources were collected for statistical analysis of agronomic traits,and the coefficient of variation,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out,which can provide reference for the breeding of new varieties of faba bean.According to the agronomic traits,the natural population of faba bean was constructed,which laid a foundation for the collection,protection and molecular marker assisted breeding of faba bean resources.Based on large seed faba bean,250 high-quality faba bean resources were selected for vernalization treatment,and 34 faba bean resources suitable for vernalization in Jiangsu Province were selected according to the first flowering stage,first pod stage,green pod harvest stage and plant height.Three varieties with early flowering and three varieties with late flowering after vernalization were selected,and the changes of hormone content after vernalization were determined,which enriched the theoretical knowledge of vernalization of faba bean. |
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