| As the world’s largest pork producer and consumer,China’s pig industry has become a pillar industry of my country’s animal husbandry,and plays a pivotal role in the national economy.It plays a huge role in agricultural economic development,industrial structure adjustment,and people’s livelihood protection.African swine fever first appeared in Shenyang in August 2018,and then the outbreak spread to many regions across the country,severely impacting my country’s pig industry,resulting in a sharp decline in pig production capacity.At present,due to the lack of effective vaccines for African swine fever,the best method to it is reduce the risk of infection at the source of the epidemic by improving the biosafety management level of the breeding farm,and then accelerate the realization of the realistic demand for stable production and supply of the pig industry.From the perspective of different organizational models,this article compares the adoption preferences and levels of biosafety management for five pig breeding organization models: family farmers,large-scale breeding enterprises,"cooperatives + farmers","leading enterprise + farmer",and vertically integrated enterprises.Differences and reasons for the differences.According to the "Epidemic Prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China","African Swine Fever Normalization Technical Prevention and Control Guide"(trial version),and the national key book "Swine Disease Prevention and Control" in the 13 th Five-Year Plan,and combining the three elements of animal disease prevention and control,The biosafety management are divided into constructive biosafety management measures(site selection layout and supporting isolation facilities)and operational biosafety management(sanitary disinfection and harmless treatment measures).Combining previous research conclusions and investigations.The actual situation,from the five parts of the location of the breeding farm,supporting facilities,sanitation and disinfection measures for isolation facilities,and harmless treatment measures,specifically analyzes the preference and level differences in the adoption of measures of different organization model farms before and after the African swine fever epidemic.It shows that:(1)In terms of constructive biosafety management measures,the increase in the adoption rate of measures after the epidemic of each organization model follows the vertical integration business model,the "leading enterprise + farmer" model,the large-scale breeding business model,the family farmer model has a gradient distribution with the "cooperative + farmer" model.The vertically integrated enterprise model has a stronger investment capacity for constructive biosafety management and can quickly make adjustments after the epidemic,followed by the "leading enterprise +farmer" model.The "cooperative + farmer" model has the lowest adjustment range.(2)In terms of operational biosafety management measures,the adoption rate of each organization model after the epidemic has changed from large to small,vertically integrated enterprise mode and large-scale breeding enterprise mode,"Leading enterprise + farmer" model,"cooperative + farmer" model and family farmer model distribution,the strongest ability to adjust measures is still the vertically integrated business model,and the worst is the family farmer model;(3)The industrial organization model with relatively high level of capital and technology and strong breeding ability has a strong ability to adopt various biosafety management measures,while the family farmer model and the "cooperative + farmer" model tend to increase the number of farms.The adoption of operational biosafety management measures;(4)Affected by the difference in the level of capital and technology,the biosafety management level of different organization model farms after the epidemic is different,and the order of performance from high to low is: vertically integrated enterprise model > "Leading enterprise + farmer" model > "cooperative + farmer" model > scale farming enterprise model > family farmer model.The main reasons for the differences in the level of biosafety management of farms with different organizational models are: transaction costs,financing levels,technical services,and gaps in production and sales services at the service support level of the industrial chain organization;biosafety awareness and technology acquisition capabilities at the operator level Differences in funding and technical support at the level of government support.The vertically integrated enterprise model has capital and technology advantages.The close vertical integration collaboration model reduces transaction costs,ensures complete integrated financial and technical service support,has a good level of biosafety technology adoption,and has obtained government policy approvals.Strong support to maintain a high level of biosafety management.The gap between the "leading enterprise + farmer" model and the vertically integrated business model lies in the difference in transaction costs,lower asset specificity,higher supervision costs and higher information costs,resulting in a gap in the level of biosafety management between the two.The gap between the "cooperative +farmer" model and the vertical integration is not only the transaction cost,but also the difference in the service support level of the industrial chain organization.The lower level of technology,financing,and production and marketing service support has intensified its relationship with the vertically integrated enterprises.Gap in biosafety management level.The gap between the large-scale aquaculture enterprise model and the vertically integrated enterprise model increases the difference in technology acquisition capabilities on the basis of transaction costs and the level of industrial chain service support.The gap between the biosafety management level of the family farmer model and the vertically integrated model is represented by four factors: transaction cost,industry chain service support level,technology acquisition capability and government support level.Therefore,based on the research conclusions and the current status of pig farming in Jiangsu Province,this article proposes the following policy recommendations from the following three aspects: Industrial chain organization level:(1)Promote a tightly connected breeding model to improve the ability of farms to resist risks;(2)Broaden the industry The chain organizes financing channels to meet the capital needs of breeding entities;(3)Enrich the content of industrial chain breeding services and improve the epidemic prevention technology of breeding entities;(4)Improve industrial chain production and sales services to reduce the risk of disease transmission.At the government level:(1)Build a diversified biosafety system;(2)Develop differentiated policy subsidies to meet the epidemic prevention needs of breeding subjects;(3)Strengthen information technology services and broaden information acquisition channels;(4)Improve the cold chain logistics system and optimize the layout of slaughter processing.At the farmer level:(1)Improve farmers’ awareness of biosafety,and enhance the initiative of epidemic prevention;(2)Strengthen farmers’ own moral constraints,and control the externalization of disease risks. |
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