Analysis Of The Functional Components In Part Of Chrysanthemum And Opisthopappus Shih

In Chrysanthemum,according to the records of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,only C.morifolium Ramat.and C.indicum can be used as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with the efficacy of heat-clearing and detoxifying.The target components of C.morifolium Ramat.are chlorogenic acid,luteoloside and 3,5-Odicaffeoylquinic acid,while the target component of C.indicum is linarin.Species of Chrysanthemum are widely distributed throughout China,and the variation of their morphological characteristics are very abundant.Therefore,there will be a great impact on the accumulation and biosynthesis of the functional components in plants,which can exert an influence on the edible,medicinal and other functions of plants.Opisthopappus Shih is one of the wild relatives of Chrysanthemum.The representative species of the Opisthopappus Shih is O.taihangensis(Ling)Shih,which is full of unique aroma.Moreover,the aqueous extracts from different organs of O.taihangensis(Ling)Shih show the activities of antiinflammatory and antioxidant.In this study,different species of Chrysanthemum and Opisthopappus Shih(including 14 species totally 49 materials of Chrysanthemum and 1species totally 4 materials of Opisthopappus Shih)were taken as the main research object,in order to explore whether there are materials with high content of functional ingredients such as linarin.The main results are as follows:1.The method described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has been optimized,which was used to determine the content of linarin in the dried capitulum of 44 wild species of Chrysanthemum and 4 Opisthopappus Shih materials.The results showed that only 10 of the48 materials contained more than 8.00 mg/g of linarin,and only 4 of the 28 C.indicum materials met the standard according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.There are significant differences in the content of linarin among different species as well as different geographical populations.We found that the linarin content of C.vestitum form Tianzhu Mountain was the highest,reaching 47.06 mg/g,which was significantly higher than other wild species of Chrysanthemum.There are also significant differenes in the content of linarin among C.indicum in different geographical population.In different kinds of geographic population,we found that C.indicum from Yuntai Mountain,contained the highest content of linarin with23.26 mg/g.Moreover,the average content of linarin content of 4 materials of Opisthopappus Shih was 36.97 mg/g,which showed great potential in the field of the traditional Chinese medicine.2.A total of 53 materials,belonging to Chrysanthemum and Opisthopappus Shih,were used as the experiment materials in this research.Firstly,spectro photometer was used to determine the total flavonoid content of the materials.And then the UPLC was used to determine the content of chlorogenic acid,luteoloside,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,linarin,luteolin and apigenin among all the materials.The results showed that content of total flavonoid was in the range of 34.63 ～ 245.68 mg/g.The average content of total flavonoid ranges from high to low was Opisthopappus Shih >C.morifolium Ramat.> the wild species of Chrysanthemum.The results of UPLC testing showed that the content of chlorogenic acid was 0.28 ～ 7.92 mg/g.The content of luteoloside was 0.07 ～ 7.36 mg/g,and the luteoloside content of C.morifolium Ramat.was significantly more than the wild species of Chrysanthemum and Opisthopappus Shih.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was in the range of 0.46 ～ 22.64 mg/g,while the content of linarin was in the range of 0 ～ 30.66mg/g.Meanwhile,the contents of luteolin and apigenin in the tested materials were very low,while the luteolin content of C.naktongense and the apigenin content of C.nankinense(2X)were little higer.According to the result of cluster analysis,it can be found that the material with higher content of linarin and total flavonoids,including C.vestitum form Tianzhu Mountain,C.zawadskii,C.indicum from Yuntai Mountain and Opisthopappus Shih,were in the same cluster(ClusterⅢ).In summary,we found that this cluster of materials was worthy for further research.3.With the help of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,the components identification analysis of NGOS-1,NG-OS-2,NG-OS-X,NG-OS-ZH,C.vestitum form Tianzhu Mountain,C.zawadskii and C.indicum from Yuntai Mountain was carried out.There were 8,18,15,15,16,21 and22 types of components identified in these materials,respectively.The components identified from the 7 materials are mostly flavonoids and phenolic acids.Except for chlorogenic acid,luteoloside,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,linarin,luteolin and apigenin,other common components of the 7 materials are hispidulin,quercetin and apigenin derivatives,etc.In conclusion,these pharmaceutically active components listed in the identification results can be selected as the judging items for the further development of the wild species of Chrysanthemum and Opisthopappus Shih.