Study On Substrate Screening And Fertilization Technology Of Potted Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium)is a traditional Chinese flower,and potted chrysanthemums have become an important part of the flower market because of their rich color,long flowering period,full plant type and simple cultivation.However,the cultivation of potted chrysanthemums in China is mostly in the traditional nutrient soil or charcoal cultivation,which should be used less as a non-renewable resource.The rough management of water and fertilizer also leads to the growth quality of potted chrysanthemums,which greatly limits the development of potted chrysanthemums.Therefore,from the perspective of environmental protection and resource saving,this study took potted chrysanthemum variety’Mauricio Purple’as the test material to preliminarily screen the cultivation substrate and fertilization measures suitable for potted chrysanthemum.The main research results are as follows:(1)The physical and chemical properties of 10 groups of different cultivation substrates were measured.The results showed that the bulk density of partially and completely substituted cultivation substrates was in the range of 0.22～0.34g/cm~3.The total porosity ranges from60.64%to 69.12%.The p H of each group was between 6.03 and 7.68.EC values were in the range of 232.33～386.33μs/cm.Except for ammonium nitrogen in T7 and T9,the content of matrix nutrients in other treatments was higher than that in the control.The physicochemical properties of each treatment were within the reasonable range of suitable cultivation substrates and could provide a stable environment for the growth of plants.(2)The growth index,biomass index and nutrient element content of potted chrysanthemum’Mauricio Purple’were analyzed in the experimental cultivation process,and the optimal substrate was comprehensively screened.The results showed that:among them,the three groups of treatments that partially replaced grass charcoal all significantly improved the growth of potted chrysanthemum,and T2(decomposed peanut shell:grass charcoal:slag=3:2:1)Plant height,crown width,flowering number and K content were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and the biomass accumulation effect was the most significant.The chlorophyll index of T1(decomposed peanut shell:grass charcoal:slag=3:3:1)was significantly higher than that of other treatments.There were no significant differences in ground diameter and maximum flower diameter indexes among the three treatments.In the 6groups treated with complete replacement of grassy land,T4(decomposed rice shell:decomposed peanut shell:slag=3:3:1)also had a certain increase compared with the control.However,T6 treatment(decomposed rice shell:decomposed peanut shell:slag=3:1:1)and T8treatment(decomposed rice shell:decomposed peanut shell powder:slag=3:1:1)had poor plant growth performance.Three treatments that partially replaced grass charcoal and T4treatment(decomposed rice shell:decomposed peanut shell:slag=3:3:1)that completely replaced grass charcoal had a good overall effect on improving the quality of potted chrysanthemum.(3)The effects of different concentrations of balanced water-soluble fertilizer on the growth and development of potted chrysanthemum’Mauricio Purple’were studied using grass charcoal:perlite=3:1 as the cultivation substrate.The results showed as follows:Water-soluble fertilizer had obvious positive effects on the growth of potted chrysanthemum.F2 treatment(1500 times diluent)had higher crown width,number of leaves,fresh and dry weight of above-ground and underground parts,and nutrient absorption indexes of N,Ca and Mg than F1treatment(2000 times diluent)and F3 treatment(1000 times diluent).It can improve the growth quality of potted chrysanthemum.