| Persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)is native to China,and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years.As a traditional fruit tree in China,it has abundant germplasm resources,which are utilized as fruit trees such as persimmon,oil persimmon,Junqianzi,Zhejiang persimmon,American persimmon,and Deyang persimmon,providing sufficient materials for its genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties.The rootstocks are grafted fruit trees.Rootstock is a prerequisite for fruit tree grafting propagation and production,and the screening of conpatibility rootstocks is the key to the success of sweet persimmon cultivation and promotion.Persimmon rootstocks are generally propagated live and are able to possess strong resistance,and container nursery is a more widely used cultivation method in current production,with convenient,fast,time-saving and labor-saving features.Different rootstock types and different healing forces with the scion have a great impact on graft survival,tree growth potential,fruit quality and yield,and resistance.The traditional Junqianzi rootstocks have poor conpatibility for sweet persimmon,and there is a need to select excellent sweet persimmon rootstocks,combined with selection and breeding of rootstock varieties with high resistance,to provide for the development of the persimmon industry.In this study,Firstly,the growth status of live cultivated persimmon at different cultivation stages was described based on the live propagation of some live rootstock varieties;secondly,experiments were conducted in greenhouse grafting of sweet persimmon ’Taishu’,and six persimmon rootstock varieties were evaluated for conpatibility after grafting ’Taishu’.Secondly,we evaluated the conpatibility of six persimmon rootstock varieties grafted onto ’Taishu’ in greenhouse to provide a theoretical basis for the screening of quality rootstock germplasm of ’Taishu’ sweet persimmon.Finally,we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of nine persimmon resources for cold resistance to screen out the more cold-resistant persimmon varieties.The studies were as follows:1.Nine rootstocks with broad-spectrum grafting conpatibility were selected from the National Persimmon Germplasm Resource Bank and sown in five different matrix ratios to explore the best matrix formulations and the most suitable rootstock varieties for persimmon rootstock container seedlings by evaluating the rootstock seed morphology ratio and germination rate and analyzing the effects of different matrix formulations on their growth and development and photosynthetic characteristics.The results showed that different substrate formulations had significant effects on the growth and development of persimmon rootstock,and the best substrate formulation for persimmon rootstock container seedlings was T1(garden soil: nutrient substrate = 1:2);’Puzhen 2’、 ’Puzhen 3’、 ’Puzhen 4’、’Puzhen 5’、 ’Puzhen 7’ and ’Shisheng-482’ all have a combined evaluation value of more than 50% and are excellent varieties that can be promoted.They are excellent rootstock varieties that can be promoted.2.Early evaluation of conpatibility of ’Taishu’ sweet persimmon grafted with different rootstocks.In this study,six broad-spectrum grafting conpatibility persimmon solid germplasm collected at the National Persimmon Germplasm Resource Library were used as test material,and the conpatibility anvils suitable for ’Taishu’ grafting were evaluated comprehensively by sowing seedlings and grafting sweet persimmon ’Taishu’.The study showed that the ratio of “Taishu/Shisheng-482” was the highest and the initial conpatibility was the best by comparing the survival rate and retention rate;the comprehensive evaluation of physiological,biochemical and photosynthetic indexes showed that’Taishu/Shisheng-482’,the The results of comprehensive evaluation of physiological,biochemical and photosynthetic indexes showed that “Taishu/Puzhen-5” performed well;phenotypic observation and microscopic observation combined to screen“Taishu/Shisheng-482” grafting combination In the later healing process,the grafting area healed relatively well and was an excellent grafting combination;comprehensive correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the rootstock combinations with stronger conpatibility were “Taishu/Shisheng-482” and “Taishu/Puzhen-5”,and the poorer rootstock combinations were “Taishu/Shisheng-482” and “Taishu/Puzhen-5”.The rootstock combinations with stronger conpatibility were “Taishu/Shisheng 13-8” and“Taishu/Shisheng 10-13”,and the poorer rootstock combinations were “Taishu/Shisheng13-8” and “Taishu/Shisheng 10-13”.3.Based on the rich persimmon germplasm resources in the National Persimmon Nursery,nine persimmon resources were selected for the evaluation of cold resistance by simulating the field temperature and temperature change.The experimental results showed that the cortical ratio in the tissue structure of the branches of the nine persimmon resources could be used as one of the indicators for the identification of cold resistance;the order of cold resistance was Junqianzi > Puzhen-5 > Fuping Jianshi > Puzhen-2 > Xiaozaotian >Youshi > Youhou > Deyangshi > Huangbianxiaojixin;the values of relative conductivity,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content and MDA content of the branches showed an increasing trend with decreasing treatment temperature.but the increase was different.The germination rate of branches of persimmon resources was consistent with the results of bud browning and freezing rate;the persimmon resources with strong cold resistance were’Junqianzi’、’Fuping Jianshi’、’Puzhen-5’、’Xiaozaotian’ and and ’Puzhen-2’,which showed the same trend of change in the freezing rate of branch germination and all showed strong cold resistance. |
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