| The sustainable development of apple industry is affected by drought and less rainfall and uneven distribution of rainfall in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China.It is an important way to promote the sustainable development of apple industry to collect and utilize natural precipitation effectively,improve the water utilization rate of fruit trees,and achieve high quality and high yield of apple.The research and selection of rain collection and water conservation technologies suitable for northwest Loess Plateau has important guiding function for realizing efficient utilization of precipitation and alleviating drought and water shortage.This experiment was conducted in Luochuan Apple Experimental Station of Yan ’an City,Shaanxi Province from 2020 to 2022.The nine-year-old red Fujifilm/M26/Bateng Begonia were used as the test materials.Five treatments were set up:mulching film(T1),ground fabric(T2),supplementary irrigation(T3),water-retaining agent(T4)and control(CK).The effects of different treatments on soil moisture,nutrients,apple growth,fruit and quality were studied in order to put forward a rain and water conservation method suitable for dryland orchards in northwest Loess Plateau.The test results are as follows:1.All treatments can significantly increase soil water content.In the range of 0-60 cm depth,the soil water content at the horizontal distance of 60 cm was higher than that at110 cm depth,and the difference of soil water content at 0-20 cm depth was the greatest.It can be seen from the specific comparison of the five treatments that mulching treatment can keep soil moisture at a higher level,among which the soil moisture content in each layer of the ground distribution rainwater collection mulching(T2)increased by 15.95%,15.12% and11.89%,respectively,compared with CK.Moreover,due to the rainwater collecting gullies on both sides of tree rows,the soil water in the middle and deep layers can be significantly replenished by ground cloth mulching treatment(T2),and the effect of soil water increase after rainfall is also significantly better than other treatments.2.Compared with CK,soil nutrient content of each treatment was significantly increased,and the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of each treatment in different soil depths were significantly higher than those of the control group.The content of nutrient elements in leaves also increased,and the content of phosphorus elements in leaves under the treatment of mulching film harvesting(T1),ground cloth harvesting(T2)and supplementary irrigation(T3)was significantly higher than that of CK.The correlation analysis of soil moisture,soil nutrients and leaf nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents under the rain collection cover(T2)showed that soil water content was positively correlated with soil available nitrogen,leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus,and significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus and available potassium and soil organic matter.3.The water content and SPAD value of leaves can be significantly increased by each treatment;The transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of mulching film(T1)and ground cloth(T2)were significantly increased.Compared with CK,the yield per plant of soil cover(T2)and plastic film cover(T1)increased by 18.28% and 11.63%,respectively.In terms of fruit quality,the fruit shape index of soil cover(T2)and supplementary irrigation(T3)was significantly improved.The fruit skin hardness under plastic film harvesting(T1)and ground cloth harvesting(T2)was significantly higher than that under CK;The solid acid ratio of T2 was significantly increased by 16.79% compared with CK.Rainwater harvesting,supplementary irrigation and water-retaining agent treatment can all collect rainwater and increase soil moisture and nutrient content,so as to promote tree growth and development and improve fruit yield and quality.The comprehensive effect of soil cover is good,and it is an effective agricultural measure for collecting rain and preserving soil moisture. |
PDF Full Text Request