| Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of the main food crop and planting worldwide.Improvement of its yield and quality are very important to national food security,economic development and stabilizing people’s livelihood.Wheat aphid is one of the top ten crop pests released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2020 and 2023.Among them,the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae Fab.is the dominant population in the ear stage of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-hai area,the main wheat planting area in China.And so the grain aphid is a great threat to the quality and yield of wheat.Planting resistant/tolerant wheat cultivar is an important means to control this pest damage.However,the breeding resistant wheat cultivar is limited due to scarce the available wheat gremplasm sources with resistance/tolerance to aphid.In order to better excavate more high-quality wheat germplasm resources with aphid resistance/tolerance,in this paper,a natural populations composed with640 wheat germplasms,that including domestic and foreign germplasm resources and cultivated varieties planting in different years were studied under for environment condition(2021-GH,2021-NR,20222-GH and 2022-NR),from 2020 to 2021,and 2021-2022,in the greenhouse and net room.The techniques of single wheat plant marked with label and manual infesting of aphid before heading stage aphid population status at grain filling stage recordded,and seed examination each marked wheat head after harvest stage were applied,the resistance of level of each wheat germplasm to aphid were evaluated by calculating aphid index(aphid grade of germplasm to be evaluated/mean aphid grade of all germplasms)and the tolerance level of each wheat germplasm to aphid were evaluated by useing tolerance value(loss rate of thousand grain weight/mean of aphid grade)to calculat tolerance index(tolerance value of germplasm to be evaluated/mean tolerance value of all germplasms).The wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphism array(SNP)demonstrates was used to obtain molecular genetic genotype markers of all of the 640 wheat germplasms,and the association between phenotype and genotype was clarified by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)to obtain SNP molecular marker sites significantly associated with aphid resistance and tolerance.The results obtained mainly including:1.The aphid resistance of wheat germplasm at adult stage are significantly affect by wheat genotype,environment and interaction between genotype and environment,a total of13 aphid resistant wheat germplasms were identified.There were 4 wheat germplasms,Bainong 207,Jiaomai 266,Zhengmai 9405,and AC Foremost,with low level resistance to aphid in all of the four environment.And 9 wheat germplasms,Changmai 251,Xingmai 1,Yannong 836,Lumai 11,Zimai,Zhoumai 18,Nemai 836,Fanmai 8 and Xinong 511,with low level resistance in 3 of 4 environments.A total of 24 susceptible wheat germplasms were identified from all of the four environments,they were Jinmai 33,Nongda 36,Ailiduo,Motuoxiaomai,Baipu,Ganmai 8,Jingnong 79-13,Shuwan 8,Meiqianwu,Bodycek,Hongmangyouzimai,AC vista,Yumai 47,Shannong 9,Jinan 9,Jinan 8,Chih95.10.1,Liuzhutou,Jimai 3,Xinong 889,Mianyang 31,Beijing 8,Zhengmai 7698,Jimai 22.2.The aphid tolerance of wheat germplasmas at adult stage are significantly affect by wheat genotype,environment and interaction between genotype and environment,a total of19 aphid tolerant germplasms were identified.Five wheat germplasms,Hanxuan 10,Louguding,AC vista,Lerma Rojo64 and Zhongyou 9507,with tolerance in all of the four environments.In of them,Louguding performance for medium level tolerance to aphid.Fourteen wheat germplasm showed aphid tolerance in the 3 of 4 environments,including ROMANIAN,Yangmai 5,Nongda 211,Pubing 202,Yunmai 34,Jimai 3,Yanmai 8911,Mouka-4*2,Chuanmai 8,Mianyang 11,Mac’s White,Xuzhou 24,Xikemai 6 and Binong207.A total of 17 wheat germplasms with high or medium susceptible in 3 of 4 environments were identified.There are Serio,Zhongyou 206,Jimai 24,Kaimai 21,Wanfeng 269,Chuanmai 104,Jinmai 79,Кавказ,Xiannong 151,Hamedan 1,Zhengmai 151,Zimai 12,Shanmai 159,Liangxing 99,Zhongmai 99,Red wheat and Xunong 7.3.Bainong 207 simultaneously having resistance and tolerance to aphid,while Jimai 22 neither resistance nor tolerance to aphid.Wheat germplasms AC vista and Ji Mai 3 were susceptible wheat germplasms,but showed tolerance to aphid.4.GWAS showed that 117 SNP markers were significantly correlated with aphid resistance,which were distributed on all of the 21 chromosomes of wheat,mainly on chromosomes 6B(14),2A(13),7B(9)and 7A(9).The duplicate SNP are AX-111057312 and AX-109348644.5.By GWAS,110 SNP markers related with tolerance to aphid were detected,which were distributed on the remaining 17 chromosomes except for the 4 chromosomes 1D,2A,5D and 6D.The SNPs are mainly found on 7A(24),6B(16),5B(16),and 7B(11)chromosomes.The duplicate SNP are AX-110014482.In summary,the conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.The aphid resistance and tolerance of wheat in adult plant stage are significantly affected by genotype;2.Thirteen aphid resistant wheat germplasms and 19 aphid tolerant wheat germplasms were identified at the adult stage.However,the aphid resistance levels were all low,mainly low resistant,and the aphid tolerance levels were mainly medium tolerant and low tolerant;3.A total 117 and 110 SNP markers related to aphid resistance and tolerance in wheat were obtained.The germplasm resources with aphid resistance and aphid resistance and the associated SNP molecular markers were abundant. |
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