| Peanut is an important oilseed,protein and food resource in the world,but it is highly susceptible to infestation by insect pests during storage.The widely distributed pests that can cause serious damage to stored peanuts are nearly 100 species of insects,mainly in the order Coleoptera and Lepidoptera,such as Caryedon serratus,Tribolium castaneum,Oryzaephilus mercator,Plodia interpunctella,and So on.So far,there is no any report about Cryptolestes ferrugineus existed in stored peanuts excepted for one record in Argentina(2011).C.ferrugineus was found in a 26,000 t peanut storage warehouse after 3month storage.There is no research or report on the reason why it appears in stored peanuts,its ability to grow in peanuts,and whether it can cause harm to peanuts.Rusty grain beetle,C.ferrugineus,is a widespread insect pest in grain storage.It may cause occasionally substantial damage to stored grain.Because of its extremely high resistance to stored grain chemicals,especially phosphine,it is particularly difficult to control,so the occurrence habit and control of the scutellaria in stored peanuts deserves high attention.Determining the infection occurrence and survival of pests in stored objects and their environment is the basis of scientific control,and it is also an important content of insect ecology and biology research..The investigations are carried out in this thesis:(a)38 kinds of peanuts mainly planted in China(including 17 varieties of normal oleic peanut Yuhua 22,Yuhua 15 and Tianfu 3,and high oleic peanut Yuhua 133,Jihua 11 and 21 varieties such as Yuhua 100)are in 5 different states of intact peanut pods,damaged peanut pods,coated peanut kernels,uncoated peanut kernels and damaged peanut kernels,and the aforementioned 38 varieties of peanuts coexist in the same state for each material state.The behavior and comparison of tropism selection behaviors of the adults of C.ferrugineus towards them in the same assayed plateform.(b)Based on the above-mentioned 38 kinds of peanut coexistence tropism selection and comparison,8 typical peanut varieties with significant differences were selected,and then the trend selection behavior of damaged peanut kernels were performed in the Y-shaped olfactometer;(c)The dynamic headspace adsorption method combined with GC-MS was used to measure the volatile species and relative content of the aforementioned 8 typical peanut varieties in 5 different states,and the Yuhua 22 peanut with the highest attraction rate was further determined with GC-EAD.The antennae electrophysiological activities of the species in 5 different states to the rusty grain beetle;(d)The adult survival time,adult survival rate,adult oviposition time,offspring larval survival time and larval instars of the 38 kinds of peanuts mentioned above were studied.The main results are given as follows :(1)All 38 varieties peanuts were examined in the same environment to determine the selection rate of C.ferrugineus.The selection rate of C.ferrugineus in 17 normal oleic acid peanuts was tested(selection rate = the number of selected peanut varieties / total number of test insects × 100%).It was 0.08%-1.08% in the intact peanut pod state,1.17%-3.00% in the damaged peanut pods,1.33%-3.83% in the coated peanut kernels 1.58%-4.58% in the uncoated peanut kernels,and 2.25%-5.75% in the damaged peanut kernels.The selection rate of C.ferrugineus in 21 kinds of high oleic peanuts was 0.00%-0.25% in the intact peanut pods.The results showed that the selection rate of C.ferrugineus in the non-high oleic acid damaged peanut kernels of the same variety was the highest,and the maximum difference was 5.25% compared with the intact peanut pods.Among the 17 non-high oleic peanuts,C.ferrugineus had the highest selection rate for damaged peanut kernels of Yuhua22,which was 3.50% different from Puhua 28 with the lowest selection rate.The selection rate of C.ferrugineus in non-high oleic damaged peanut kernels of the same variety was the highest,and the maximum difference was up to 2.00% compared with the intact peanut pods.Among the 21 high oleic peanuts,C.ferrugineus had the highest selection rate for damaged peanut kernels of Yihua 0910,which was 1.42% different from Jihua 11 with the lowest selection rate.The selection rate of normal oleic acid variety Yuhua 22 was 3.67%higher than that of high oleic acid peanut Yihua 0910 when the peanut kernel was damaged.(2)Y-type olfactometer was used to determine the selectivity of the C.ferrugineus to normal oleic peanuts Yuhua 22,Yuhua 15,Huayu 25,Tianfu 3,and high oleic peanuts Yuhua 133,Puhua 666,Jihua 11.The selectivity of the damaged peanut kernels of Yuhua100,the results showed that the corresponding selectivity values of the russian red beetle to the aforementioned non-high oleic acid peanuts were 46.67%,45.00%,43.33% and 43.33%,respectively,and the corresponding selectivity values to the aforementioned high oleic acid peanuts.The selectivity values of peanut were 36.67%,33.33%,31.67% and 33.33%,respectively.The selectivity value of the non-high oleic acid peanut Yuhua 22 was 46.67%,which was significantly higher than that of Yuhua 133(36.67%),which had the highest selectivity value among high oleic acid peanuts.(3)The GC-MS results of 8 typical peanut varieties showed that the number of volatile matter of the whole peanut pods of 4 normal oleic peanuts Yuhua 22,Yuhua 23,Huayu 25 and Tianfu 3 were 9,8,8 and 8,respectively.The number of volatiles of damaged peanut pods were 10,12,13 and 12,respectively.The number of volatiles of coated peanut kernels were 15,14,15 and 13,respectively.The number of volatiles of uncoated peanut kernels were 17,16,17 and 14,respectively.The number of volatiles of damaged peanut kernels were 20,16,18 and 14,respectively.The number of volatiles of intact peanut pods in Yuhua 133,Puhua 666,Jihua 11 and Yuhua 100 were 8,7,9 and 6,respectively.The number of volatiles of damaged peanut pods were 10,9,10 and 10,respectively.The number of volatiles of coated peanut kernels were 13,8,8 and 12,respectively.The number of volatiles of uncoated peanut kernels were 12,9,7 and 9,respectively.The number of volatiles of damaged peanut kernels were 13,17,15 and 14,respectively.The9,12-octadecadienoic acid,n-nonane,2-methyldocosane,2,4-dimethyl-1-hepten and other substances detected in non-high oleic peanuts were not detected in high oleic peanuts.The4-methyldodecane,p-anisaldehyde,decanal and ethylbenzene detected in high oleic peanut were not detected in non-high oleic peanut varieties.(4)Using the Yuhua 22 peanut with the highest selection rate of A.rufica as a material,in the electrophysiological response results of antennae of GC-EAD,the volatiles in the antennal electrophysiological response of A.rufica to intact peanut pods were 0.For damaged peanut pods,it is 1 species,and the corresponding volatile matter is valeraldehyde;For uncoated peanuts,there are 2 types,and the corresponding volatiles are trans-2-decenal and propionic acid;for uncoated peanuts,there are 2 types,and the corresponding volatiles are 3-butyn-1-ol,4,6-Dimethyldodecane;For damaged peanut kernels,there are four types,and the corresponding volatiles are 3-methyldecane,hexanoic acid,4-methyldodecane and hexanal.The types of volatiles that caused the electrophysiological response of the antennae were different in different material states.The higher the degree of peanut damage,the more types of volatiles involved in the antennae electrophysiological response,and the stronger the corresponding electrophysiological response.In the GC-EAD determination of the electrophysiological response results of the peanut variety Yuhua 22,which had the highest selection rate of C.ferrugineus,which produced an electrophysiological response to 0volatiles of intact peanut pods,one volatile in damaged peanut pods,and the corresponding volatile was valeraldehyde.The two volatiles in coated peanut kernels produced electrophysiological reactions,and the corresponding volatiles were trans-2-decenal and propionic acid.The two volatiles in peanut kernels produced electrophysiological reactions,and the corresponding volatiles were 3-butyne-1-ol and 4,6-dimethyldodecane.The number of electrophysiological reactions to the volatiles in damaged peanut kernels was 4 times,and the corresponding volatiles were 3-methyldecane,hexanoic acid,4-methyldodecane and hexanal.The more volatile species included in the peanuts,the more likely it was to cause the electrophysiological reaction of C.ferrugineus,however the corresponding volatile species are different.(5)Among the 17 varieties of non-high oleic peanuts were tested,the average ST50value(the time when the pest survival rate reached 50 % in the test sample)was 2.3 d in intact peanut pods,15.8 d in damaged peanut pods,23.6 d in coated peanut kernels,26.7 d in uncoated peanut kernels,and 31.5 d in damaged peanut kernels.Among the 21 varieties of high oleic peanuts were tested,the average ST50 of C.ferrugineus was 2.0 d in intact peanut pods,10.4 d in damaged peanut pods,15.2 d in coated peanut kernels,18.5 d in uncoated peanut kernels,and 20.2 d in damaged peanut kernels.Under the same material condition,the viability of C.ferrugineus in non-high oleic peanut was significantly higher than that in high oleic peanut.The viability of C.ferrugineus in damaged peanut kernels was significantly higher than that in the other four material states.The adults of C.ferrugineus could survive for a long time in non-high oleic acid peanut kernels,during which they could lay eggs,and the eggs could develop to 3~4 instar larvae without the pupa occurring.Non-high oleic peanuts could damaged by the survival period of larvae. |
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