| Polygonatum sibircum is a perennial Polygonatum of Liliaceae,and its dried rhizome is included in People’s Republic of China(PRC)Pharmacopoeia(2020edition).Modern studies have shown that Polygonum polygonum contains polysaccharide,steroidal saponins,amino acids and minerals,and has pharmacological activities such as antioxidant,anti-aging and immune enhancement.In this study,the nutritional components of rhizome,wine and fibrous root of Rhizome were evaluated.The complete composition analysis of secondary metabolites was conducted by using the non-targeted metabolomics technology of HPLC-Q /TOF-MS,the composition and differences of secondary metabolites were analyzed,and the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of polysaccharides and alcohol extracts were screened.The main contents and results were as follows:1、In this study,the appearance,drying rate,polysaccharide content,water-soluble extract and ethanol-soluble extract content were used as evaluation indexes,and the quality of P.sibiricum was compared with that of traditional processing and fresh processing,and explored the feasibility of fresh processing of P.sibiricum.Through multi-index evaluation,the optimum processing technology of P.sibiricum was determined as follows: slicing thickness was 6~8 mm,and drying temperature was 60 ℃.At this time,the sliced P.sibiricum was complete,drying time was 16 h,and the content of water-soluble extract was 67.66%,ethanol-soluble extract was 69.66%,and polysaccharide was 10.05%.Based on the above analysis,it can be seen that P.sibiricum processing while fresh is feasible,and the process is simple and reliable,which is worthy of popularization and application in the industry.2、In this study,P.sibiricum,alcohol P.sibiricum and P.sibiricum fibrous root were taken as experimental samples,and the indexes such as polysaccharide,water-soluble extract,ethanol-soluble extract,amino acids,minerals and heavy metals were determined,and the differences of nutritional components of different P.sibiricum samples were analyzed.The results show that different P.sibiricum samples have the nutritional characteristics of high nutritional value,rich amino acids,low starch content,high-Arginine,tyrosine,Ca,Fe,Ma and Ka,content and are rich in polysaccharide bioactive substances.The content of polysaccharide and extract in different P.sibiricum samples is: P.sibiricum > Alcohol P.sibiricum > P.sibiricum fibrous root.A total of 17 amino acids were detected from P.sibiricum samples,including 9 essential amino acids for human body.In three P.sibiricum samples,the contents were: P.sibiricum 8.48%,alcohol P.sibiricum 4.88% and P.sibiricum fibrous root 9.81%.The content of essential amino acids in hydrolyzed amino acids decreased after processing,only the content of isoleucine amino acids increased,and all essential amino acids of free amino acids showed a downward trend.8 minerals,such as K,Mg,Na and Fe,are higher in P.sibiricum fibrous roots and alcohol P.sibiricum than in P.sibiricum.The content of heavy metals in P.sibiricum fibrous root and alcohol P.sibiricum is higher than that in P.sibiricum,and the content of Hg in P.sibiricum fibrous root exceeds the standard.This study shows that different P.sibiricum samples are high-quality dietary raw materials and have great potential in food development.3、The metabonomics of P.sibiricum,alcohol P.sibiricum and P.sibiricum fibrous root were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF/MS.The results showed that 122 compounds were detected,including 51 steroidal saponins,47 flavonoids,2 organic acids,2 amino acids and 20 other components.According to the results of multivariate statistical analysis,15 different metabolites were screened out,mainly including steroidal saponins and flavonoids.After processing P.sibiricum,new compounds appeared,most of which were steroidal saponins,including 7 steroidal saponins,accounting for 46.7% of the differential metabolites.There are many kinds of metabolites detected in P.sibiricum fibrous roots,and the number of chemical components is obviously higher than that of P.sibiricum and alcohol P.sibiricum.By analyzing the composition differences of different P.sibiricum samples,it is expected to provide important reference for the quality evaluation of P.sibiricum and the development of health food,and to provide ideas and references for the popularization and application of metabonomics in the quality control and evaluation of P.sibiricum.4、In this study,P.sibiricum,alcohol P.sibiricum and P.sibiricum fibrous root were taken as the research objects,and the scavenging capacity of DPPH free radicals,reducing capacity and hydroxyl free radicals of polysaccharides and ethanol extracts of different P.sibiricum samples were determined to explore the antioxidant activity of different P.sibiricum samples.The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of alcohol P.sibiricum and P.sibiricum fibrous root was higher than that of P.sibiricum.There was no significant difference between P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract,and alcohol P.sibiricum polysaccharide scavenging was higher than ethanol extract.At the concentration of 2 mg/m L,the DPPH scavenging ability,reducing ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of P.sibiricum fibrous root polysaccharide were 26.38%,0.12% and 67.89%,respectively,and the ethanol extract of P.sibiricum fibrous root was 58.94%,0.21% and 32.38%;while the DPPH scavenging ability,reducing ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of P.sibiricum polysaccharide were 18.91% 、 0.12% 、 22.71% respectively;alcohol P.sibiricum polysaccharide were 96.03%,0.27% and 42.85% respectively;The ethanol extracts of P.sibiricum were 18.03%,0.14% and 18.03% respectively;The ethanol extracts of alcohol P.sibiricum were 91.23%,0.39% and 25.28% respectively.This study shows that both polysaccharide and ethanol extract have certain antioxidant effects,so as to provide theoretical basis for screening antioxidant active substances of P.sibiricum.5、In this study,P.sibiricum,alcohol P.sibiricum and P.sibiricum fibrous roots were taken as the research objects,and the anti-aging activities of C.elegans were screened from the polysaccharides and ethanol extracts of different P.sibiricum samples.The anti-aging bioactive substances of P.sibiricum were studied by life-span experiment,egg production experiment,acute heat stress experiment,body bending experiment and head swing experiment respectively.The results show that P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract have anti-aging ability,and polysaccharide has stronger anti-aging ability than ethanol extract.P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract can prolong the life span of nematodes without affecting the reproductive ability.The sample with the longest life span is P.sibiricum fibrous root polysaccharide,with the maximum average life span of 23.54±1.52,which is 22.06% higher than that of the control group.The locomotion ability of P.sibiricum polysaccharide and alcohol P.sibiricum on C.elegans was significantly higher than that of the other four samples.Compared with the control group,the head swing frequency of P.sibiricum polysaccharide,alcohol P.sibiricum polysaccharide and P.sibiricum fibrous roots polysaccharide increased by 18.85%,25.73% and3.90% respectively,and the body bending times increased by 16.89%,25.73% and4.21% respectively.This study shows that P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract have the effect of delaying the aging of nematodes,and this study explains the scientific connotation of P.sibiricum processing and synergistic effect from the perspective of aging,and studies the efficacy of P.sibiricum fibrous roots,which provides theoretical basis for further processing and utilization of P.sibiricum.To sum up,the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of different P.sibiricum samples were screened in this study,and it was found that P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract both had certain pharmacological activities,and the pharmacological activity of polysaccharide was higher than that of ethanol extract,which indicated that polysaccharide was scientific as an active substance of P.sibiricum.This study found that P.sibiricum polysaccharide and ethanol extract both had certain pharmacological activities,which provided theoretical basis for the development of P.sibiricum nutritional value and was of great significance for expanding the development and utilization of P.sibiricum. |
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