| Urban landscaping soil is the foundation of urban greening,its quality directly affects the growth of urban landscaping plants and the quality of urban ecological environment.However,serious human interference has damaged the original properties of urban garden and green soil,causing a series of problems such as soil disturbance and soil pollution.The investigation and evaluation of the quality of urban garden green land soil can provide scientific basis for taking targeted measures to improve the quality of urban garden green land soil and improve urban ecology,which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of Urban ecosystem and the construction of ecological civilization.This article takes the main urban area of Jiaozhou City as the research area,uses on-site investigation and laboratory analysis methods to obtain soil information for garden and green spaces.Based on the Omap Interactive Map and Arc GIS software platform,a soil database for garden and green spaces in the urban area of Jiaozhou City is established.The composition weighting method combined with principal component analysis,comprehensive index method,and improved Nemero index method are used to evaluate the soil quality of garden and green spaces,analyze the existing problems,and propose soil quality improvement strategies.The main research content and results are as follows:(1)The soil quality database of urban garden and green land in Jiaozhou was constructed.Obtain the soil information of urban garden and green space in Jiaozhou through field investigation and laboratory analysis,and establish the soil attribute database of urban garden and green space in Jiaozhou based on Microsoft Office Access;Based on the spatial information of the sample points obtained on the site of the Omap interactive map,the spatial graphic data of the study area and sample points are formed on the Arc GIS platform,and the spatial database is established after vectorization.With the support of Arc GIS,the soil attribute database and the spatial database are connected through the key fields of the same name to realize the association between the attribute database and the spatial database,as well as the retrieval and query in Arc Map.(2)Single factor evaluation of soil quality of urban garden and green land in Jiaozhou was carried out.Based on SPSS software,the descriptive statistical characteristics of soil quality indicators of urban garden and green land in Jiaozhou were statistically analyzed,and compared with the requirements of garden planting soil in Qingdao and the standard of the second national soil survey.The soil texture of garden and green land in Jiaozhou City is mainly sandy loam and loamy sand,accounting for 66.49%and 9.54%respectively;The unit weight is between 1.24-1.82g/cm~3,with an average value of 1.56g/cm~3,and 97.25%of the sample points are larger than1.3 g/cm~3,which is generally larger;The soil compactness is between 168.93-2808.21KPa,with an average of 1196KPa,and 80.77%of the sample points are larger;The p H value is between5.47-10.17,the average value is 8.37,89.23%of the sample points are higher than 7.5,50.50%is higher than 8.5;The soil salt content is between 0.18-6.87g/kg,with an average of 1.67g/kg,and 73.07%of the sample points are higher than 1.2g/kg,with local salinization risk;The organic matter is between 0.96-22.98g/kg,with an average of 7.87 g/kg,80.02%of the sample points are lower than 10g/kg,the overall lack;Total nitrogen ranged from 0.12-2.02 g/kg,with an average of 0.63 g/kg,and 79.67%of the sample points were lower than 0.75 g/kg,which was at the level of deficiency;Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ranged from 12.48 to 165.90 mg/kg,with an average of 52.46 mg/kg,and 62.22%of the sample points were lower than 60 mg/kg;The available phosphorus ranged from 2.54-70.45mg/kg,with an average of 12.16mg/kg,and28.03%of the sample points were lower than 8mg/kg.The available potassium is between40.67-850.00 mg/kg,with an average of 178.00 mg/kg.96.71%of the sample points are higher than 75 mg/kg,which is relatively rich.The evaluation results of individual indicators show that the soil quality factor indicators of urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou City,except for available potassium,are to varying degrees larger or smaller,and cannot meet the normal growth requirements of landscaping plants;At the same time,various factors show certain spatial differences,and improvement measures need to be taken according to local conditions.(3)A comprehensive evaluation of soil quality for urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou was conducted.A comprehensive and classified evaluation of the soil quality of garden and green spaces in Jiaozhou City was conducted using the principal component analytic hierarchy process combined with weighting and comprehensive index method.The results show that the overall soil quality index of the garden and green space in the study area is 0.404,which is at an average level and very close to the poor level(0.4).The soil quality index of different types of green spaces has little difference and the variation coefficients are relatively small.Among them,the soil quality index of road green spaces is the highest(0.430),at a moderate level;The soil quality index of strip green spaces and street green spaces is the lowest,at 0.381 and 0.372,respectively,at a poor level.The improved Nemero index method was used to evaluate the overall and layered(0-20cm,20-40cm,40-60cm)soil of urban green spaces in Jiaozhou,highlighting the impact of poor indicators on soil quality.The results showed that the overall soil quality of urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou was below average(P=1.101),and the quality index(P)of different types of green spaces was in the order of road green spaces(1.16)>comprehensive parks(1.06)>strip parks(1.05)>street green spaces(1.04),which is consistent with the results of the weighted index method.The soil quality index at different levels shows a decreasing trend from top to bottom.The surface soil quality level is moderate(P=1.204),while the middle and bottom layers are moderate(P=0.93)and poor(P=0.89)levels,respectively.The soil quality index shows significant spatial differences in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces.(4)Proposed measures to improve the soil quality of urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou.There are problems in the soil of urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou,such as high bulk density,high compactness,natural disturbance and damage to the natural layer,heavy alkalization and desertification of some soils,local soil salinization,and lack of organic matter and main nutrients.In the future,measures should be taken to improve the quality of garden green land soil,such as adjusting the unit weight to improve the water and heat performance,improving the soil structure in combination with garden renewal,optimizing the acid-base environment through comprehensive conditioning,combining prevention and control to regulate local salinization,expanding fertilizer sources and improving soil fertility.This article comprehensively evaluates the soil quality of urban landscaping and green spaces in Jiaozhou and proposes measures to improve soil quality.The research results can provide a basis for the management of landscaping and green spaces and the improvement of soil quality in Jiaozhou city. |
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