Preliminary Analysis For Clone Resource Of Elm And Sexual Hybridization Experiments

Elm is excellent native tree species in China,which has long history,and widely distributed in the whole country.It is the main tree species for timber,shelter forest and afforestation of saline-alkali land in the north China plain and the northeast and other places,and is also a member of the essential in the landscape.For breeding excellent elm clones,increase elm germplasm resources,this study collects forty elm clones from black dragon area in Zhangjiakou city Chicheng country,introduce to agricultural university of Heibei specimen.This study will research and compare forty elm clonal photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the month changes,discusses elm clones physiological law;through the clustering of leaf traits of distance matrices and matrix correlation analysis of SSR molecular marker clustering,discusses the relationships between phenotypic and SSR molecular markers,study on the genetic diversity of elm clones;It reserchs the different temperature treatment on the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.seed germination characteristics,and find the influence of the suitable treatment.It researchs Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.and Ulmus davidiana var.japonica for sexual hybridization,explore the hybridization compatibility of Ulmus pumila and Ulmus davidiana Planch.The main draw the following conclusions.1.Forty elm clones of photosynthetic indicators in addition to the intercellular CO₂concentration（Ci）,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance（Gs）,transpiration rate（Tr）the decreasing trend with the change of the month,intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）showed a trend of decline in June to July,increasing trend from July to October.In different months,affect its net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,the dominant factor of existence difference,in June and July,the net photosynthetic pigment（Pn）of the leading factors for transpiration rate（Tr）,August and September of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）leading factor for stomatal conductance（Gs）,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）in October the dominant factor for intercellular concentration（Ci）.Chlorophyll fluorescence seasons showed that the initial fluorescence（Fo）,maximum fluorescence（Fm）,PSII photochemical quantum yield（Fv/Fm）,maximum fluorescence from time（Tfm）are associated with Pn reached extremely significant level,which showed that the photochemical reactions have bigger influence on the Pn.Through the analysis,selected a total of 10 high photosynthetic efficiency of the clones,respectively is:the Ulmus macrocarpa is 8 number,5 number,26 number and32 number,the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica is 24 number,6 number and 25 number,the Ulmus pumila is 31 number,the Ulmus laciniata is 15 number and 41 number.2.Elm clones in leaf traits between has abundant genetic diversity.15 leaf shape is very significant variation;Most leaf shape index of the repeat all above 0.8,leaf shape index in the middle of the perimeter of the A2 repeat the supreme force,is0.995.With 15 to 40 elm leaf shape traits clonal clustering analysis,can be divided into four types,the genetic distance between each clone is between 0.578～9.309.To from 17 primers selected 13 pairs of high polymorphic SSR primers to cluster analysis of 40 elm clones,completely is divided into four types,the genetic distance between each clone is between 0.030～0.664.15 leaf traits clustering analysis using the distance matrix and SSR molecular marker cluster analysis related to the correlation analysis of the distance matrix and leaf shape comprehensive traits and SSR molecular marker is extremely significant correlation,the correlation coefficient is 0.4738（P<0.001,n=780,rα=0.118）.In order to further understand the leaf shape traits and SSR molecular markers,the leaf shape various traits and SSR molecular marker cluster analysis respectively,using the leaf shape character of clustering distance matrix and SSR molecular markers related analysis of the clustering distance matrix.Results showed that the leaf shape various traits and SSR molecular marker analysis,two leaf traits and SSR primers achieve significant correlation（P<0.001）levels on the number of primers in 3～11 in between.Long leaf traits significantly related primers are in for more than 10,the highest correlation coefficient is 0.5393（P<0.001,n=780,rα=0.118）,and the leaf long character of repeated force all above0.9;Primers are associated with blade width traits significantly in the 10 or so,the highest correlation coefficient is 0.4506（P<0.001,n=780,rα=0.118）,and the blade width character repeat all above 0.9,this shows that leaf shape of variation is influenced by genetic factors.40 black dragon mountain elm clones of leaf shape traits and SSR molecular markers to achieve significant correlation,leaf shape traits and SSR loci associated high levels.3.On the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.seed germination experiment showed that the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.seed within 15℃～30℃have the germination,the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.seed is the optimum germination temperature 20℃,and the seed germination rate,germination potential and germination index of this year were the significantly higher than the seed of storing a year.Elm is suitable for the planting the seeds of seeding.For the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.and the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica seed germination experiment comparison analysis shows tha the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.seed germination rate is highest at 21℃,and the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica seed germination rate is highest at 40℃.The temperatures experiment shows that the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.is not suitable high temperature germination,but the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica seed is suitable for high temperature germination.4.The Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye.and Ulmus davidiana var.japonica have the feasibility of the hybrid.With the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica as female parent and with the Ulmus davidiana var.japonica.as male parent,the cut branches hybrid of indoor obtain 42 hybrid seeds,and obtain 7 hybrid seedings,one of the 7 hybrid seedings is gold yellow leaves.The hybrid on the tree in outside receive 563 hybrid seeds,and 235 hybrid seedings were planted,including 3 hybrid seedings is gold yellow leaves.