The Community Characteristics Of Soil Fauna In Different Vegetation Types In Western Tianshan Mountains

As an important part of terrestrial ecosystem,soil fauna play the role of consumers and decomavers,amd play an important role in the material cycle and energy flow of the ecosystem,so soil fauna can generally be used as indicators of ecosystem stability.Kurdening National Nature Reserve is located in Xinjiang Province,which is known as the natural gene bank of species and has high research and utilization value in biodiversity protection.This paper studied the community characteristics and functional groups of soil fauna of different vegetation types in Kurdistan National Nature Reserve,in order to provide important theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in this area.In order to study the structural characteristics of soil fauna community and the division of functional groups in Kurdening National Nature Reserve,soil fauna of 5 habitat types including Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey,grassland,Myricaria gerynanica(L.)Desv,Betula davurica Pall,Elaeagnus pungens Thunb were selected in May(spring)and July(summer)of2022.The structure,dynamics and functional group division of soil fauna community in different vegetation types were analyzed.Redundancy analysis(RDA)method was used to explore the correlation between soil animal diversity and environmental factors.The conclusions are as follows:(1)A total of 6647 soil fauna,belonging to 40 families,24 orders,7 classes,2 phyla were found in five different vegetation types.A total of 859 soil macro-fauna were captured,belonging to 31 families,17 orders,5 classes,2 phyla.The three dominant groups(66.24%)were Lumbricidae,Formicidae and Coleoptera Larvae.There were 8 common groups(29.10%),most of which are Enchytracidae,Armadillidae,Lithobiidae,Staphylinidae,Curculionidae,Carabidae and Diptera Larvae.There are 20 rare groups(4.66%),most of which are Phalangida,Glomeridae and Cicadellidae.A total of 5788 meso-micro fauna were captured,belonging to 35 families,19 orders,6 classes,2 phyla.The five dominant groups(83.14%)were Oribatida,Gamasida,Actinedida,Isotomidae and Aphididae.There were 6common groups(14.46%),which are Sminthuridae,Hypogastruridae,Onychiuridae,Paronellidae,Gamasida,Thripidae and Coleptera Larvae.There are 24 rare groups(2.40%),most of which are Enchytracidae,Lumbricidae and Armadillidae.(2)Horizontal direction,in spring,the average density of soil macro-fauna(586.67)was the highest in the grassland plot,the number of soil macro-fauna groups(6.00)was the highest in the Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,the average density of meso-micro fauna(33133.33)was the highest in the Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,and the number of meso-micro fauna groups(11.67)was the highest in the grassland plot.In summer,the average density(944.00)and number of soil macro-fauna(12.00)were the highest in Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,the average density of meso-micro fauna(53300.00)was the highest in Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,and the number of meso-micro fauna(13.33)was the highest in grassland plot.Vertical direction,macro-fauna and meso-micro fauna mainly distributed in 0-5 cm soil layer.(3)In spring,the diversity index(H’)(1.38),evenness index(E)(0.83)and richness index(D)(1.56)of macro-fauna were the highest in the Myricaria gerynanica(L.)Desv plot,while the dominance index(C)(0.79)was the highest in the grassland plot.The diversity index(H’)(0.34)and richness index(D)(3.07)of meso-micro fauna were the highest in grassland plot,while the evenness index(E)(0.15)and dominance index(C)(0.32)were the highest in the Betula davurica Pall plot.In summer,the diversity index(H’)(1.89)and dominance index(C)(0.39)of soil macro-fauna were the highest in the Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,the evenness index(E)(0.87)was highest in the Myricaria gerynanica(L.)Desv plot and the richness index(D)(2.76)was highest in the grassland plot.The diversity index(H’)(1.79)and richness index(D)(2.38)of meso-micro fauna were the highest in the Elaeagnus pungens Thunb plot,the evenness index(E)(0.74)was highest in the Betula davurica Pall plot and the dominance index(C)(0.39)was highest in the Myricaria gerynanica(L.)Desv plot.The similarity coefficients of macro-fauna of different vegetation types showed that the Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot and grassland plot,the Elaeagnus pungens Thunb plot and the Betula davurica Pall plot,the grassland plot and the Elaeagnus pungens Thunb plot were moderately similar,but the other vegetation was moderately dissimilar.The similarity coefficient of meso-micro fauna of different vegetation types showed that the grassland plot and the Myricaria gerynanica(L.)Desv plot were very similar,and the other vegetation types were moderate similar.(4)According to the feeding habits of soil animals,soil fauna under the 5 vegetation types are divided into 4 feeding habits: Detritivores,Predacity,Phytophage and Omnivorous.There are 16 detritivorous soil fauna(Oribatida,Actinedida,Gamasida etc.).There are 12 predatory soil fauna(Feophilidae,Staphylinidae,Armadillidae etc.).There are 13 phytophagous soil fauna(Aphididae,Diptera Larvae,Coleoptera Larvae etc.)and 7omnivorous soil fauna(Mycetophilidae,Formicidae,Thripidae etc.).In the 5 functional groups of soil fauna of vegetation types,the proportion of Detritivores(78.28%)was the highest,followed by Phytophage(15.41%)and omnivorous(3.40%),and the proportion of predacity(2.92%)was the lowest.(5)The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,ammoniacal nitrogen,readily available phosphorus,readily available potassium,and soil water content was the highest in the Picea schrenkiana Fischet Mey plot,the content of total potassium was the highest in the grassland plot,and the p H was the highest in the Elaeagnus pungens Thunb plot The results of RDA analysis showed that there was a correlation between environmental factors and soil fauna diversity indifferent vegetation types.Among the environmental factors,ammoniacal nitrogen and total phosphorus were important environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil fauna communities in the different different vegetation types(P<0.01).