Global Statistics Of Virus Infection In Non-human Primates And Implications For Public Health And Wildlife Conservation

Many emerging infectious diseases(Emerging Infectious Diseases,EIDs)originate in animals,and a considerable proportion of the diseases are co-infected by humans and animals(birds).However,the ability to predict infectious diseases of animal origin is currently insufficient,and more often it is determined when the disease emerges and becomes prevalent.Common foci animals such as bats and rodents have been shown to be natural hosts for many zoonotic pathogens,and various studies have been conducted to try to understand how the virus is transmitted between these species and humans.Non-Human Primates(NHPs)currently have 16 families,77 genera and 660 species,which is the third largest mammal group after Rodents and Chiroptera.As evolutionary close relatives of humans,NHPs are susceptible to human viruses,and many pathogens are known to be transmitted between humans and NHPs.At present,there are few studies on the relationship between NHPs virus infection,and the ability to predict infectious diseases that may originate from NHPs is insufficient.Based on the global virus infection data of NHPs,this paper conducts network analysis on NHPs and virus infection.The results show that:1)143 species in 12 families in NHPs were infected by 186 DNA or RNA viruses,of which 68.8% were also found in humans,indicating that these viruses have great potential for cross-species transmission.2)After data correction,the top 10 NHPs species with high centrality in the NHPs virus network are two great apes(chimpanzee Pan troglodytes,Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus)and eight old-world monkeys(Macaca mulatta,Pig-tailed monkey M.leonina,baboon Papio cynocephalus,green monkey Chlorocebus aethiops,cynomolgus macaque M.fascicularis,vervet monkey Cercopithecus erythrotis,redtailed vervet monkey Cercopithecus ascanius,vervet monkey Allochrocebus lhoesti).There is also a high risk of virus transmission between humans and Old World monkeys,given the widespread distribution and frequent contact with humans of many Old World monkey species.3)The composite centrality of Cercopithecidae and Hominidae is significantly higher than that of other NHPs families,indicating that Cercopithecidae and Hominidae may carry more viruses and are more likely to be hosts for cross-species virus transmission.The findings suggest that centrality results from network analysis can help identify potentially overlooked virus transmission risk species and help predict the emergence of disease species before outbreaks,an important precaution against future expansion of zoonotic risk.index.It is also recommended to conduct epidemiological surveillance of NHPs,especially for Old World monkeys that frequently come into contact with humans,and to take other effective measures to prevent potential virus transmission.