Effects Of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer With Organic Fertilizer On Soil Physicochemical Properties And Yield Of Winter Wheat

At present,the use of chemical fertilizers in my country is too high,and the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources is low.The replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is one of the important measures to maintain crop yields and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers.Xinjiang Autonomous Region is rich in livestock and poultry manure resources.It is rich in content,and it is feasible to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers in a large area.At the same time,the relationship between the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on wheat yield and economic benefits is still unclear.Therefore,this study took winter wheat as the research object,using the same amount of Organic fertilizers replaced chemical nitrogen fertilizers,and carried out fertilizer benefits studies with different replacement rates.The experiment set up 7 treatments,namely control(CK),single application of chemical fertilizers(CF),100% organic fertilizers instead of nitrogen fertilizers(M),25% organic fertilizers Replace nitrogen fertilizer(CF+M1),50% organic fertilizer replace nitrogen fertilizer(CF+M2),75% organic fertilizer replace nitrogen fertilizer(CF+M3),reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20%(CF-F).The effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat yield were analyzed by combining field experiments with laboratory analysis.The main results are as follows:(1)The replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers reduced soil bulk density,significantly improved soil field water holding capacity and soil water retention capacity,increased soil capillary porosity,increased soil liquid ratio,and decreased soil solid ratio.(2)Both the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter,and the application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the soil organic matter.Replacing nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer can increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the total nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm soil layer.(3)The application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation in wheat grains and straws.With the increase of the replacement ratio of organic fertilizers,the partial productivity of nitrogenous fertilizers and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers showed an upward trend.Compared with CK,all fertilization treatments increased wheat yield,among which CF+M3 treatment increased the most significantly,increasing by43.61%.(4)Compared with CF,the wheat output value of CF+M3 organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer increased by 8.21%,and the input-output ratio of CF+M3 organic fertilizer treatment was up to 1:5.04.Based on comprehensive soil physical and chemical property indicators,it is feasible to replace 75% nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer in wheat yield analysis,which can not only improve wheat quality and yield,but also improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources,increase soil fertility,and improve soil physical and chemical properties.