| Objective: Milk and meat products occupy an important position in Xinjiang’s economy with the continuous increase of the scale of the industry,the occurrence of hoof disease has seriously affected its development and caused huge economic losses to the industry this study aims to investigate the prevalence of hoof disease in some areas of Xinjiang,the diversity of microbial communities in cow hoof carrion and some bacterial biological analysis,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of hoof disease.Methods:(1)2 dairy farms and one beef cattle farm in Urumqi and its surrounding areas were surveyed and recorded on the lameness rate,hoof disease incidence,hoof disease types,hoof disease incidence,and hoof disease incidence finger(toe)classification analysis;(2)5hoof carrion samples and 5 healthy cow hoof samples were randomly selected from 2 dairy farms,and the samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to analyze the composition and abundance of bacterial colonies in the affected areas when the cows had hoof diseases the change;(3)Isolation and identification of bacteria in samples of diseased cattle’s hoof carrion randomly collected from 2 dairy farms and 1 beef cattle farm,and drug susceptibility tests for some pathogenic bacteria by K-B paper diffusion method do challenge test and detect its virulence gene by PCR method.Results:(1)99.77%(428/429)of the lame cattle in the 3 cattle farms were caused by foot disease,the overall incidence of cattle foot disease was 20.91%(428/2047),23.08% in A field and 23.08% in B field34.07%(34.07%),C field was 8.96%;type and incidence of hoof disease were 80.37%(344/428)of laminitis,14.25%(61/428)of sole ulcer,0.47%(2/428)of laminitis;deformed hoof The incidence rate of deformed hoof was 4.91%(21/428),and the types of deformed hoof were divided into extension hoof 38.10%(8/21),slipper hoof 23.81%(5/21),inclined hoof 19.05%(4/21),spiral hoof 9.52 %(2/21),wide hoof 9.52%(2/21);the incidence of 4 hoofs were 9.13%(43/417)of the left front hoof,9.98%(47/417)of the right front hoof,and 39.92%(39.92% of the left rear hoof(188/417),40.98%(193/471)of the right hind hoof;the hoof was mainly located in the right hind hoof 26.33%(124/471),left hind hoof 22.51%(106/471),left posterior hoof 11.25%(53/471)between the claw toes,8.92%(42/471)between the right hind claw,and 5.94%(28/471)in the left front claw;in this experiment,the A cattle farm,the B cattle farm and the C cattle farm after 3 treatments,the cure rates of cows with hoof disease were 100%,100% and 97.73% respectively(2)A total of26 phyla,39 classes,66 orders,114 families and 178 genera were obtained from 10 cow hoof carrion samples,and the dominant flora were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,respectively,Fusobacteria,Proteobacteria,Spirochaetes A total of 19 phyla,30 classes,55 orders,91 families and 153 genera were obtained from 10 healthy cow hoof sample species the dominant flora in the hoof samples of healthy dairy cows were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria;(3)A total of 6 inoculum,33 strains of Escherichia coli(36.67%),28 strains of Enterococcus faecalis(31.11%),24 strains of Proteus mirabilis(26.67%),10 strains of Shigella flexneri(11.11%),vitis aureus 6 strains(6.67%)of cocci and 10 strains(11.11%)of Staphylococcus epidermidis;(4)28 strains of Enterococcus faecalis were tested for drug susceptibility,the results showed that these Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to aztreonam,cefotaxime,ceftazidime,The resistance rates of pyridoxime,amikacin,piperaciline,and streptomycin all reached 70-100%,and the resistance rates of levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and ampicillin were 30%-50%;10 virulence genes including agg,cob,ccf,hly,ace,esp,efa Afs,cpd,cly M and gel E were detected in the mice the results of the mouse challenge test showed that the mice in each group died(5)Drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 33 strains of Escherichia coli and the results showed that the resistance rates of these Escherichia coli to streptomycin and ampicillin were 20-30%,and that of aztreonam,cefotaxime,ceftazidime,cefepime,The resistance rates of mikacin,piperaciline,levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were all below 10%;6 virulence genes iuc D,ler,irp2,hly A,eae A and fyu A were detected in the isolates;The results of the mouse challenge test showed that the mice in each group died.Conclusion: Foot disease is the main cause of lameness in these cattle farms the main types of foot disease are hoof dermatitis,sole ulcer,deformed hoof and laminitis,among which hoof dermatitis is the most serious eight fingers(toes),interdigital(toes)and ligaments of 4 hoofs were all affected,but the incidence of hoof dermatitis was the highest in the rear hoof different treatment methods have good curative effects,suggesting that while strengthening the prevention of hoof diseases,the cattle farm should pay special attention to the timely diagnosis and treatment of lame cows the number of species increased,and there was significant difference between the same cattle farm with hoof disease carrion samples and healthy cattle hoof samples(P < 0.05);Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis had higher fractional rates;Some strains carry multiple virulence genes;Enterococcus faecalis has strong drug resistance,and many strains carry multiple virulence genes and have strong pathogenicity. |
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