Effects Of Different Rootstocks On Growth And Fruit Quality Of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grape

‘Crimson Seedless’(CS)grapes have unstable self-rooting performance,late maturity and are susceptible to early frost damage.Grafting suitable and excellent rootstocks can make them mature earlier on the basis of ensuring high yield,avoid early frost damage,and improve fruit quality.In this study,‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes under the grafting treatments of 5BB,110 R,SO4 and 5C 4 different rootstocks were used as test materials,and CS/CS and CS self-rooted seedlings were used as double controls.Analysis and comparison of differences in growth,development and fruit quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes among treatments.To provide scientific basis for screening good and suitable rootstocks of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In comparison,the appearance and morphology of the grape leaves of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grafted on rootstock 5C showed the best performance.The relative contents of chlorophyll under the grafting treatments of the four rootstocks were all between CS self-rooted seedlings and CS/CS,and the relative contents of chlorophyll in CS/5BB were relatively higher.The leaf tissue structure of CS/110 R was relatively the best,and the indexes of CS/5C were lower than other treatments,which were relatively poor.The contents of N,P and K elements in the leaves of the four rootstock grafting treatments decreased compared with the double control treatments.(2)There were differences in the parameters of leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under different treatments.The 110 R grafting treatment had the greatest photosynthetic potential and the strongest ability to utilize weak light.The rootstock SO4 grafting treatment had the widest utilization range of light intensity and the strongest utilization ability of strong light.The maximum photochemical quantum yields of the six treatments ranged from 0.755 to 0.796,with no significant differences among treatments.Except for 110 R,the actual photochemical conversion efficiency of other rootstocks was improved compared with that of self-rooted seedlings.The highest photochemical quenching coefficient under 5BB grafting treatment was 0.66,and the highest non-photochemical quenching coefficient under 110 R grafting treatment was 2.86.(3)Rootstocks 5BB,5C,SO4 and 110 R are better than the control treatment in the appearance of fruit,with SO4 being the best,with a single grain weight of 4.28 g,and the transverse and longitudinal lengths of the fruit grains were 16.83 mm and 24.79 mm,respectively.5C was most beneficial to promote the early coloring of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes,while rootstock SO4 showed an inhibitory effect on fruit coloring.The grafting of rootstocks 110 R and 5C with ‘Crimson Seedless’ was the most beneficial to increase the content of endogenous hormones in fruits.The panicle weight under rootstock SO4 and 5BB grafted was68.23% and 46.47% higher than that of self-rooted seedlings,respectively.The yield of different rootstock grafting treatments all increased,and 5BB had the most significant effect,which increased by 107.90% and100.48% respectively compared with the double control treatments.The grafting of the four rootstocks could promote the early ripening of the fruit,and 5BB and 5C had the best effect,which was 12 days earlier than the control treatment.(4)Rootstocks 5BB and 110 R could increase the soluble solids content and soluble sugar content of‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes,and the soluble solids content of CS/5BB was as high as 23.48%,which was6.39% higher than that of self-rooted seedlings.The total soluble sugar content of CS/110 R was as high as206.83 mg/g,which was 13.81% higher than that of self-rooted seedlings.The solid-acid ratio was the best under CS/110 R treatment.The contents of anthocyanins and total phenols were the highest under CS/5BB treatment,which were 43.24% and 18.20% higher than CS self-rooted seedlings.(5)On the whole,rootstocks 5BB and 110 R in the northern Xinjiang region have the best performance in improving yield,fruit quality and early fruit ripening,and are excellent and suitable rootstocks for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes.