| Camellia oleifera is a typcal cross-pollination plant in Camellia(Theaceae),and it is a unique woody Camellia oleifera tree species in our country.At present,due to problems such as improper allocation of Camellia oleifera forest varieties and rare pollination insects,a large area of low-yield and low-efficiency forest has appeared in China.However,the traditional manual seeding method is time-consuming and laborious,which is not conducive to the use of large area.Therefore,it is imperative to find a method to improve the low-yield and low-efficiency forest.To solve this problem,this paper systematically studied the pollen characteristics of Camellia oleifera,the effects of different stabilizers and plant hormones on the germination rate of pollen,the configuration of pollen liquid turbidities and the effects of different pollination modes between forests on the fruit rate and fruit quality of Camellia oleifera,which provided certain theoretical basis for further improving the low-yield and low-efficiency forest.The main research results are as follows:1.In terms of pollen characteristics of Camellia oleifera,first,the pollen quantity of Changlin 3 was the largest,reaching 321,000 pollen grains per flower,1.7～2.7 times of that of other Changlin series.Secondly,the initial pollen vitality of Changlin 53 was the highest,with an average vitality of 72.6%,slightly higher than that of the other three Changlin series.Third,dry and low temperature is a necessary condition for the preservation of pollen vitality.Under the two preservation modes of drying and constant temperature-20℃ and-80℃,the deactivation rate of pollen vitality is significantly slowed down,and there is still considerable pollen vitality on the 180th day.2.On the base solution of 100g·L-1 sucrose +0.1g·L-1 boric acid+3g·L-1 pollen anther mixture,the pollen germination rate of the pollen suspension with 1g·L-1 agar was the highest,and the germination rate of the pollen was 51.7%after 2h culture and 53.8%after 3h culture.When 0.2g·L-1 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was added,the germination rate of pollen was 48.6%after 2h culture,and 53.5%after 3h culture.However,the germination rate of pollen suspension with high concentrations of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and different concentrations of xanthan gum as additives was lower than the control group.Secondly,6-BA and GA3 at different concentrations had inhibitory effects on the germination rate of pollen.Therefore,the treatment of pollen anther mixture with the formula of 100g·L-1 sucrose+0.1g·L-1 boric acid +1g·L-1 agar+3g·L-1 is more suitable as pollen suspension.3.In terms of liquid interforest pollination,the highest fruit setting rates were 47.16%and 11.94%in full flowering and total flowering under mixed spraying methods.Comparing the fruit quality under four different pollination treatments,it was found that the internal and external quality of camellia fruit under screen spraying treatment was improved to a certain extent compared with the other three treatments.The single fruit quality under screen spraying was 1.18 times that of mixed spraying,1.31 times that of natural pollination,and 1.40 times that of self-cross pollination.The oil yield per plant was 1.15 times that of mixed spraying,2.45 times that of natural pollination and 12.76 times that of self-cross pollination.The seeds of camellia fruit under the treatment of screen spraying are full,the rate of empty seeds and bad seeds is low,the oil production per plant is high. |
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