Impacts Of Both Landscape And The Damaged Area Features On Invaded Farmland By Wild Boar In Heilongjiang Province

Conflicts between human and wild boar(Sus scrofa)have become increasingly serious in recent years,which has become one of the focus issues for wildlife ecologists and protection workers in the world.The conflict between human and wild boar is concentrated in the damage of farmland.It is not only results in the property losses and threats personal safety of local residents,but also negatively affects the enthusiasm of local residents to protect wildlife.This is not conducive to wildlife protection work.The research on the influencing factors of wild boar invasion can provide scientific basis for local government and wildlife authorities to formulate wild boar prevention and control measures.In order to explore the factors influencing wild boar to damage agriculture and defuse the conflict.From August 2021 to October 2022,we conducted field investigation on wild boar agricultural damage in Huannan and Tonghe counties,Heilongjiang Province.The influencing factors of wild boar agricultural damage were analyzed from the perspectives of landscape features and the damaged area features.According to the results and the progress of prevention and control in the world,the prevention and control recommendations were made.The main results are as follows:1.Using data on damaged area and 9 landscape pattern indices recorded at 116 damaged sites from field surveys.The generalized additive model(GAM)was developed to explore and analyze the landscape features affecting wild boar agricultural damage.The results showed that the damaged area had a linear relationship with the mean patch area,the coefficient of variation of patch area and the marginal density of forest type.The mean patch area,the coefficient of variation of patch area and the marginal density of forest type were positively correlated with the damaged area.The larger the mean patch area,the larger the coefficient of variation of patch area,the higher the marginal density of forest type,the larger the damaged area.The damaged area had a significant nonlinear relationship with the marginal density of farmland type,the percentage of forest,shannon evenness index and the percentage of residential area(effective degrees of freedom were 6.000,3.084,6.618 and 3.478,respectively).The curve of marginal density of farmland type showed a turning point at 27.When the marginal density of farmland type was lower than 27,the damaged area increased slowly;when the marginal density of farmland type was higher than 27,the damaged area decreased.The percentage curve of forest showed an overall upward trend.A larger percentage of forest means a larger area of agricultural damage.The Shannon evenness index curve generally showed an upward trend,the larger the Shannon evenness index,the larger the damaged area.The percentage curve of residential area showed a downward trend.A higher percentage of residential areas indicates a smaller area of damaged area.2.Using data on damaged area and 15 the damaged area features recorded at 116 damage sites from field surveys.The generalized additive model was developed to explore and analyze the damaged area features affecting wild boar agricultural damage.The results showed that the damage area had a linear relationship with the ditch and the electronic fence.The damaged area was positively correlated with the ditches,and the damaged area of the farmland with ditches was larger.The damaged area was negatively correlated with the electronic fence,and the damaged area of farmland with electronic fence was smaller.The relationship between the damaged area and the distance from village,the distance from forest and population density was non-linear relationship(effective degrees of freedom were 3.959,1.991 and 4.698,respectively).The curve of distance from the village showed a turning point at about 2300 m.When the distance from village was lower than 2300 m,the closer the distance from village,the larger the damaged area,and when the distance from village was higher than 2300 m,a closer the distance from village means a smaller the damaged area.The curve of distance from the forest showed a turning point at about 100 m.When the distance from forest was lower than100 m,the closer the distance from forest,the larger the damaged area,and when the distance from forest was higher than 100 m,the further the distance from forest,the smaller the damaged area.The population density curve generally showed a downward trend,with the increase of population density,the damaged area decreased.3.The prevention and control recommendations for wild boar are as follows: clearing the narrow landscape elements around farmland;extensive installation of electronic fencing in areas seriously affected by wild boar;adjust crop planting structure;the wild boar population should be controlled by means of hunting and trapping.