| The effective supply of forage is the basis for the development of grass and livestock industry.However,there is a serious shortage of forage at present.How to alleviate the forage needed for the development of grass and animal husbandry industry has become a major problem encountered in the development of animal husbandry in China.Triticale is a grain and feed crop with strong regeneration ability.It can be cut many times,which can effectively solve the shortage of livestock and poultry feed in winter and spring.In order to explore the suitable sowing and harvesting time for triticale production in semi-arid areas of Ningxia,the experiment was carried out in Caobao Village,Huangzebao Town,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,Ningxia.Four triticale sowing dates(S1:September 10,2021,S2:September 20,S3:September 30,S4:October 10),three cutting periods(T1:heading date(May 20),T2:filling period(June 4),T3:milk ripening period(June 18)).The effects of sowing date,harvest time and their interaction on agronomic traits,biomass allocation,yield and quality of triticale were studied,and the grey correlation method was used for comprehensive evaluation.The main results are as follows:(1)Sowing time,harvest time,cutting time and their interaction had significant effects on leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,fresh-dry ratio and stem-leaf ratio(P<0.01).Sowing time and sowing date significantly affected the number of triticale leaves(P<0.05).Harvest timeThe cutting time significantly affected the plant height of triticale(P<0.05).The plant height,stem diameter and tiller number of S2T2(sowing date:September 20,harvest time:filling stage)were the highest,which were 124.00 cm,3.97 mm and 450.00/m2,respectively.(2)Sowing time,harvest time,mowing time and their interaction significantly affected the root biomass and root-shoot ratio of triticale(P<0.01).The sowing date significantly affected the biomass of stem,spike and root,the proportion of each organ component,aboveground biomass and total biomass of triticale(P<0.01).Harvest timeThe harvest time significantly affected the biomass of stem,ear and root,the proportion of each organ component,aboveground biomass,total biomass and reproductive leaf ratio of triticale(P<0.01).The maximum stem biomass,leaf biomass,spike biomass,root biomass,aboveground biomass and total biomass of triticale were all S2T3,but there was no significant difference with S2T2.(3)The interaction between sowing date and harvest time significantly affected the hay yield and crude protein yield of triticale(P<0.01).Sowing time and sowing date had significant effect on crude protein yield of triticale(P<0.05).Harvest time Cutting time significantly affected the crude protein yield of triticale(P<0.01).The maximum hay yield of 9665.74 kg/hm2 and higher crude protein yield of 811.61 kg/hm2 were obtained when the triticale treatment was S2T2.(4)Sowing time,harvest time,mowing time and their interaction significantly affected crude protein(CP),crude fat(EE),relative feeding value(RFV),total digestible nutrients(TDN)and net energy for lactation(NEL)(P<0.01).In triticale treatment,the crude protein of S2T2 was the largest,and the relative feeding value was higher.The relative feeding value,total digestible nutrients and net energy of lactation of S1T2 were the largest,and its relative feeding value was 108.05.(5)Correlation analysis showed that plant height and stem diameter were significantly positively correlated with the yield of triticale hay(P<0.001),and the correlation coefficients were 0.85 and 0.94,respectively,indicating that plant height and stem diameter were the main factors affecting the yield of triticale.The agronomic traits,yield and quality of triticale were comprehensively evaluated.It was concluded that when the sowing time was September 20 and the harvesting time was the filling period,it was the optimal combination of forage yield(9665.74 kg/hm2)and quality of triticale,which could be used as the first choice for the actual production of triticale in this area. |
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