Study On The Evolution And Influence Of Cotton Planting Policy In Egypt In The 19th Century

In 1821,long staple cotton was introduced into Egypt,which opened the prelude to a large number of cotton cultivation in modern Egypt.In order to improve his own strength,Muhammad Ali promoted and expanded the cotton planting industry.His successors,Said and Ismail,took advantage of the opportunity of massive cotton production in the American Civil War to raise the status of cotton in Egypt to the highest level.Finally,during the British colonial period,Egypt became the raw material of the colonists.From the perspective of the cotton planting industry in Egypt in the 19 th century,this paper analyzes the cotton planting policy in Egypt at this stage,and expounds the reasons,implementation methods,results and their influence.Based on the development of cotton farming in Egypt,the main text is divided into four parts.The first part mainly introduces the growth environment of cotton in Egypt.The suitable natural conditions contributed to the growth of Egyptian cotton,and the world environment in the 19 th century,especially the industrial revolution centered on cotton textile industry,also provided opportunities for the development of cotton industry.The second part mainly introduces the introduction of long staple cotton in the period of Muhammad Ali,which opened the prelude of Egypt’s agriculture.The introduction of excellent cotton varieties and the development of supporting facilities.The cotton export in this period provided the economic foundation for the development of Egypt,and created the agricultural development model with cotton as the center.The third section detailed the cotton farming during the reign of Said and Ismail from 1854 to 1882,when Egypt promoted agricultural liberalization and expanded cotton cultivation;but also experienced capital invasion and Egypt further became the raw material for the colonists.The fourth part discusses the cotton planting industry in the British colonial period.After entering Egypt,the British colonists completely turned Egypt into their own raw material supply area,vigorously developed the cotton planting industry,and implemented all policies in line with cotton planting.Finally,Egypt completely became the raw material origin and dumping market for the colonists.The conclusion part is an exploratory summary,analysis and evaluation of Egypt’s cotton policy and its development,which mainly analyzes the economic,political and external drivers of Egyptian cotton planting industry,so as to understand the positive and negative effects of cotton on the historical development of Egypt.