Effect Of Different Mulches On The Growth And Inter-root AM Fungal Community Of Cereals

In order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in the central Ningxia arid zone after sand removal from the sand pressed land,to solve the problem of severe water shortage and drought,and to clarify the effects of different mulches on AM fungal communities,soil physicochemical properties and grain growth in the semi-arid zone of Ningxia,this study was conducted after sand removal from the sand pressed land,using "Zhang Za 19" as the test material.In this study,five treatments were used:SM(permeable mulch),BM(black mulch),DM(biodegradable mulch),WM(ordinary white mulch),and CK(no mulch in open field):(1)Mulching effectively enhanced soil total N,total P,fast-acting N,fast-acting P and fastacting K contents,while soil organic matter,pH and total salt decreased.Different mulching treatments can significantly increase soil water content of cereal farmland,from 0-20 cm,6.92%to 57.15%;from 20-40cm,2.98%to 89.09%;mulching can effectively increase soil temperature in 0-20cm soil layer,the daily soil temperature in all fertility periods showed a trend of increasing then decreasing,the daily temperature difference under black film treatment was higher than other The daily temperature difference under the black film treatment was higher than that of other treatments,and the temperature of permeable mulch and black film was lower than that of other mulch treatments during the daytime when the sunlight temperature was higher,and the temperature of black film was higher than that of other treatments at night,with the best heat preservation effect.As the soil layer deepened,soil total nitrogen,fast-acting nitrogen,organic matter,fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium all decreased,while soil pH and total salt showed an increasing trend.(2)Mulching had different effects on soil enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.As the soil layer deepened,soil urease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities showed a decreasing trend,and different mulching treatments could promote the increase of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities,while decreasing soil catalase and sucrase activities.The effects of different mulches on AM fungal communities were different.The permeable film,black film and white film treatments were all beneficial to the improvement of α-diversity index of AM fungal communities in inter-root soil of cereals,and effectively enhanced AM fungal richness and diversity,which showed that black film>permeable film>white film;the dominant AM fungal genera under each treatment were:Balanophthora,Balanophthora-like and Nearly bright Balanophthora.The number of AM fungal community ASVs was elevated by permeable film,black film and white film treatments as black film>permeable film>white film,which increased the number of AM fungal-specific ASVs by 41.98%,48.71%and 36.63%,respectively,compared to bare ground,while the number of ASVs decreased under degraded mulch treatment.There were significant differences in the inter-root soil AM fungal community structure under permeable,black and white mulch treatments.(3)Mulching promoted grain growth and increased grain height,stem thickness,leaf area index,and dry matter mass,and significantly increased main stem spike length,main stem spike thickness,main stem spike weight,main stem grain yardage,main stem spike grain weight,single hole spike number,single hole spike weight,single hole spike grain weight,thousand grain weight,spike number and yield.The overall evaluation of the different mulch treatments showed that the permeable mulch treatment had the highest overall score,followed by the black mulch treatment.The results of these trials show that different mulches can improve soil water heating and soil nutrients,enhance soil AM fungal community diversity and richness,promote grain growth and significantly increase grain yield,with permeable mulch being the best choice of the four mulches.