Establishment Of Identification Models For Eucommia Ulmoides Male Flowers From Different Habitats And Response Of 6 Active Components To Ecological Factors

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a single genus and species of Eucommiaceae endemic to China,deciduous and dioecious.The male flowers of E.ulmoides open from March to May each year and are borne in clusters at the base of the current year’s branches.E.ulmoides male flowers contain chemical components similar to the bark and leaves of Eucommia,which have good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial,antioxidant,hypotensive,hypoglycemic and other pharmacological effects,and were approved as new food ingredients by the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2014.The distribution of Eucommia is very wide in China,and the quality of the E.ulmoides male flowers varies from one origin to another.Therefore,the establishment of identification models and fingerprint profiles of E.ulmoides male flowers from different origins can guarantee the quality and safety of E.ulmoides male flowers,and on the basis of this,we can investigate the action pattern between the content of active ingredients and ecological factors in each origin,which can provide scientific basis for the reasonable planting and cultivation of Eucommia.In this study,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were used to establish the identification models and fingerprint profiles of E.ulmoides male flowers from different origins,and on the basis of HPLC data,correlation analysis was conducted with 17 climatic factors and 10 soil factors from each origin,and the specific results were as follows:(1)Infrared spectral data and chromatographic data fusion were used to identify the male flowers of Eucommia spp.from 12 production areas.Single infrared spectra were used to build PLS-DA and SVM models with 64.12% and 55.72% correctness in the training set and 51.85% and 53.70% correctness in the prediction set,respectively.Compared with the model established by single infrared data,the accuracy and stability of the model established after data fusion were better.In PLS-DA model,the model established after SNV + SG + 2D processing is the best,and the accuracy of training set and prediction set are 100% and 90.74% respectively;In the SVM model,the effect of the model established by MSC + SG + 2D processing of the fused data is the best,and the accuracy of the training set and prediction set are 74.05% and 98.15% respectively.In addition,reducing classification labels can effectively improve the effect of the model.(2)HPLC fingerprints of 21 batches of E.ulmoides male flowers from 4 producing areas were established.15 common peaks were calibrated and 6 chromatographic peaks were identified,which were aucubin,geniposide,chlorogenic acid,geniposide,rutin and quercetin;The similarity between the fingerprints of 21 batches of E.ulmoides male flowers and the control fingerprints was 0.911 ～ 0.989.The fingerprints of 21 batches of E.ulmoides male flowers were analyzed by chemometrics method.A total of 7differential components were screened out,which can be used as potential chemical components to distinguish different producing areas.(3)Six effective components in E.ulmoides male flowers from Zunyi,Baojing and Ziyang were determined by HPLC.Correlation analysis was made by combining the content of active components with climatic factors and soil factors of producing area.The results showed that the contents of five active components except quercetin were significantly negatively correlated with air temperature and precipitation.The contents of geniposide and geniposidic acid were negatively correlated with the content of lead in soil.There was a significant positive correlation between rutin content and zinc content.Planting E.ulmoides in areas with low temperature and less precipitation and appropriately increasing the content of zinc in soil may help to increase the accumulation of effective components in male flowers.In this study,the identification model and fingerprint of E.ulmoides male flowers from different habitats were successfully established,and the effects of ecological factors on the contents of 6 active components in E.ulmoides male flowers were explored.The results can not only provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of E.ulmoides male flowers resources,but also provide reference for the selection of ecological suitable areas of E.ulmoides male flowers.