Effects Of Acute Temperature And Ammonia Nitrogen Stress On Anti-oxidant Ability And Anti-inflammation In Blunt Snout Bream(Megalobrama Amblycephala)

Climatic changes are worldwide problem,this is due to global warming.High temperature and ammonia nitrogen are main factors that causes deterioration for aquatic environment that leading to physiological changes on biochemical molecular compounds,and genes expression in fish.This paper carried out to investigate about the effects of acute temperature 32℃ and ammonia nitrogen 20 mg/L stress levels on serum metabolites,anti-oxidants abilities and anti-inflammation in blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)(energy homeostasis,oxidative stress and immunological responses).Also the paper discusses the temperature and ammonia nitrogen concentration suitable for growth of blunt snout bream,which has a good guiding significance for production.This was done by means of estimating weight gained by plasma biochemical parameters;Total protein(TP),Total glyceride(TG)Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),Total cholesterol(TC)Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),Glucose(GLU)Alanine phosphate(ALP),and Reactive oxygen species(ROS).Also antioxidant enzymes(CAT,Cu-SOD,Mn-SOD,GPX,GST),and anti-inflammation(P65,Pgc-1α,Hif-1α,Nrf-2,P53)related genes expression were analyzed.Four treatments were designed G1(32℃+0 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen(TAN)(T32N0),G2(32℃+20 mg/L TAN)(T32N20),G3(25℃+0 mg/L TAN)(T25N0),G4(25℃+20 mg/L TAN)(T25N20),Then 300 healthy juvenile of blunt snout bream with an average weight of 12.2±0.17g were selected for similar size.Experimental procedure was done by collecting samples at 6 hours,48 hours,96 hours after exposure and at 96 hours of recovery.In this study we found that there were numerous changes for blood serum biochemical parameters,TP,ALT,AST,GLU,ALP,and ROS of the juvenile blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)after exposure to acute high temperature 32℃ and TAN 20 mg/L at different time periods 6 hours,48 hours,and 96 hours,due to high oxidative stress that increase at high temperature and TAN.Total glyceride TG was normal in all treatments because there was a buildup of fatty acids due to low oxidation of fatty acids in the liver of blunt snout bream.Also we found that acute high temperature 32℃,and 20 mg/L TAN inhibited anti-oxidants related genes abilities in the body of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala),due to high oxidative stress that increased after 6 hours,48 hours 96 hours of exposure.Optimal temperature 25℃ with 20 mg/L TAN induced oxidative stress in juvenile blunt snout bream due to increased production of reactive oxygen species ROS that play vital role as defense mechanisms in fish body.Also 25℃ with lower ammonia nitrogen 0 mg/L is the optimal temperature that increases anti-oxidants related genes expression in the body of blunt snout bream in aquatic environment under normal conditions.Also in the present study we found that acute high temperature 32℃ and ammonia nitrogen 20 mg/L inhibited immunological responses(pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammation cytokine),due to high oxidative stress in fish body after 6 h,48 h,and 96 h of exposure.Also optimal temperature 25℃ with ammonia nitrogen 20 mg/L increased immunological response gene expression in fish body after resistance to high oxidative stress after 48 h,and 96 h of exposure.