Analysis Of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis-related Genes In Three Species Of Bamboo And Rattan

Bamboo and rattan are important forest plant resources second only to wood for food,medicine,and energy.They are widely used in architecture,furniture and other industries because of their special material properties and fibers.They have a shorter growth cycle than trees.Among them,bamboo can grow into a forest in only 3-5 years,and rattan can become a forest in 5-7 years,and they can be harvested every year thereafter.Compared with woods,their harvesting does not cause deforestation and loss of resources,making them a sustainable resources.In the current situation of imbalanced between supply and demand of wood in China,they are important substitute for wood raw materials.In this study,two rattan species,Calamus simplicifolius and Daemonorops jenkinsiana,and a bamboo species,Phyllostachys eduli,were used as the research objects.The research sequenced and collected the transcriptome of bamboo and rattan tissues to dig SCW biosynthesis-related genes or lnc RNAs.The results of this study have expeneded the understanding of the SCW biosynthesis regulatory network of bamboo and rattan.Additionally,some genes with genetic improvement significance were identified.The main results were divided into two parts:The results for C.simplicifolius and D.jenkinsiana were as follows:(1)The co-expression network of two rattan species was successfully constructed.The network covered 62.16% and 68.93% of the C.simplicifolius and D.jenkinsiana genes,respectively.Eleven and six SCW-related functional modules were excavated in C.simplicifolius and D.jenkinsiana,respectively;(2)Co-expression network analysis of CCR1,4CL1 and MYB103 of C.simplicifolius and D.jenkinsiana showed the presence of transcription factors or structural genes involved in SCW biosynthesis in the network.Through enrichment analysis of cis-acting elements,conserved binding sites for MYB61 transcription factors were identified in the promoter regions of CCR1 and 4CL1.The results for Phyllostachys eduli were as follows:(1)A lnc RNA identification and functional annotation pipeline of moso bamboo was successfully established.Subsequently,37,009 lnc RNAs in the whole genome of moso bamboo were identified,and the functions of 76.27% of the lnc RNAs were annotated.(2)Functional annotation of lnc RNA identified 315 lnc RNAs related to SCW biosynthesis.A potential lnc RNA-gene regulatory network involved in SCW biosynthesis was established by co-expression network analysis.The potential functional model of this network was explored by transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis and expression analysis.(3)Through negative expression pattern analysis and specific expression analysis,3lnc RNAs may regulate the biosynthesis of bamboo SCW through negative regulattory mechanisms,and 13 lnc RNAs were differently expressed at the initial stage of division,rapid division or rapid elongation of culms.In addition,the comparison of flavonoids and lignins biosynthesis pathways in the members of the PAL/4CL/C4 H gene family in C.simplicifolius,D.jenkinsiana,and Ph.eduli suggested the existence of a mechanism that steering metabolic intermediate between flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis through PAL/4CL/C4 H gene members.