| Common vetch(Vicia sativa)and hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth)are most important fertilizer and forage dual-purpose green manure crops in northwest of China,but are currently lack of comprehensive germplasm resources evalustion.In this study,biomass and nutrient uptake capacity of 47 common vetch and 50 hairy vetch cultivars(lines)were comprehensively evaluated in the field in Qinghai.Hairy vetch cultivars with stronger nutrient absorption were choosed for pot experieiment.Utilization of insoluble phosphorus in the rock phosphste by different phosphorus efficiency cultivars was analyzed,and the mechanism of activating insoluble phosphorus in rock phosphate was revealed which provided a theoretical basis for green utilization of rock phosphste.The main results were as follows:1.Aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation capacity showed diversity among the 47 common vetch and 50 hairy vetch resources.Principal component analysis showed that the top five ranking common vetch resources were‘Hungary’,‘Grassland 79-1’,‘Qing shui River(Linen)’,‘324’ and ‘Black 741’ and the hairy vetch resources were ‘78-14’,‘Shao teng xuan’,‘Mao jia ye shao zi’,‘Shan dong zao shu shao’,and ‘78-171 shao zi’,respectively.Cluster analysis revealed that there were 4,7,and 8 resources with stronger nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)absorption in 47 common vetch resources,and the average N,P,and K absorption reached 20.06 g/m2,2.31 g/m2,and 11.52 g/m2,respectively.As for 50 hairy vetch resources,there were 1,4 and 4 resources with stronger N,P and K absorption capacity,and the average N,P,and K absorption reached 27.90 g/m2,2.79 g/m2,and 14.59 g/m2,respectively.‘78-14’ hairy vetch showed higher N,P,and K absorption capacity,‘Shao teng xuan’ and ‘Mao jia ye shao zi’ hairy vetch showed the highest P and K absorption capacities.‘Hungary’,‘Grassland 79-1’,‘Qing shui River(Linen)’ and ‘324’ common vetch showed the highest N and K absorption capacities,and ‘Grassland 79-1’ and‘Hungary’ common vetch showed the highest P and K absorption capacities.‘Mao jia ye shao zi’(MJYSZ),‘Shao teng xuan’(STX)with stronger phosphorus absorption ability and ‘1399 mao shao’(1399MS),‘Soviet Union shao zi’(SLSZ)with low phosphorus absorption ability were selected in pot experiment.2.Hairy vetch with different P efficiency cultivars showed differences in the ability to absorb and utilize insoluble P in rock phosphate(RP).The total P accumulation in hairy vetch was MJYSZ>STX>SLSZ>1399MS and up to 16.70mg/pot under the low RP treatment(50% RP);MJYSZ≈STX>1399MS≈SLSZ and up to 15.01 mg/pot under middle RP treatment(100% RP);STX≈1399MS>MJYSZ≈SLSZ and up to 12.10 mg/pot under high RP treatment(200% RP).Compared with the non-phosphate rock treatment(CK),application of RP significantly increased fresh weight,dry weight and accumulation of N,P and K by 0.60%-36.41%,2.92%-69.77%,4.91%-97.81%,4.57%-86.59% and 5.96%-44.89%.Compared with the superphosphate treatment(SP),the fresh weight,dry weight and accumulation of N,P and K in 50% RP treatment reached 40.32%-48.22%,37.97%-45.75%,33.59%-42.38%,18.98%-40.77% and 42.37%-54.22% of SP treatment,respectively.Fresh weight,dry weight and total P accumulation of each cultivar were the highest under 50%RP treatment which was 47.25 g/pot,11.68 g/pot and 16.70 mg/pot,respectively.Phosphate fertilizer partial productivity of STX was highest(66.19 kg/kg)under SP treatment.Phosphate fertilizer agronomic efficiency of MJYSZ was highest(47.09kg/kg)under SP treatment.Among the different gradient treatments of RP,MJYSZ had the highest relative fertilizer efficiency of RP,phosphate partial productivity and phosphate agronomic efficiency under 50% RP treatment,which was 25.70%,58.97kg/kg,and 24.21 kg/kg,respectively.3.Hairy vetch with different P efficiency cultivars had different effect on soil P components.Overall,MJYSZ and STX with high P efficiency increased active P and moderate active P content in the soil P pool.For active P part: MJYSZ increased resinimpregnated P(Resin-P)content by 90.70%-1100.00% compared with STX,1399 MS and SLSZ.MJYSZ and STX increased sodium bicarbonate impregnated inorganic P(HCO3-Pi)and sodium bicarbonate impregnated organophosphorus(HCO3-Po)content by 33.66%-476.07%,36.65%-4983.87% than 1399 MS and SLSZ.For moderate active P part: MJYSZ increased sodium hydroxide impregnated organophosphorus(OH-Po)content by 41.55%-270.89% than STX,1399 MS,SLSZ.Conversely,for the stable P part: the residual P(Residual-P)content was SLSZ>1399MS>STX>MJYSZ.Compared with CK treatment,RP treatment significantly increased the content of HCO3-Pi and P impregnated with hydrochloride(dilute HCl-P)and OH-Pi were by5.32%-530.43%,15.36%-63.16%,and 3.24%-154.25%.Compared with SP treatment,RP treatment significantly increased the content of P impregnated with hydrochloride(dilute HCl-P)and Residual-P were by 6.83%-81.59%,and 7.95%-132.92%,respectively.Hairy vetch cultivars with highly P efficient activate insoluble phosphorus by increasing root epidermal acid phosphatase activity(RAP),soil microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),acid phosphatase activity(Ac P)and total organic acid content(OA).Overall,MJYSZ and STX increased the RAP,MBP,Ac P and OA contents by0.31%-85.62%,25.20%-414.94%,6.40%-93.40% and 96.56%-239.06% respectively than 1399 MS and SLSZ.Compared with CK treatment,RP treatment significantly increased RAP,MBP,Ac P,neutral phosphatase activity(NP)and alkaline phosphatase activity(Al P)by 31.05%-59.58%,9.24%-101.79%,0.38%-59.22%,3.92%-17.12%,and 18.41%-43.70%,respectively.Compared with SP treatment,50% RP treatment significantly increased Ac P,neutral phosphatase activity(NP),alkaline phosphatase activity(Al P)and OA were by 6.04%-30.68%,6.44%-37.70%,23.82%-60.31%,and17.04%-32.06%,respectively.The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation among Ac P,OA,RAP and soil active phosphorus and medium active phosphorus content.In conclusion,‘78-14’ hairy vetch showed the higher N,P,and K absorption capacity,‘Shao teng xuan’ and ‘Mao jia ye shao zi’ hairy vetch showed the highest P and K absorption capacity.‘Hungary’,‘Grassland 79-1’,‘Qing shui River(Linen)’ and‘324’ common vetch showed the highest N and K absorption capacity,and ‘Grassland79-1’ and ‘Hungary’ common vetch showed the highest P and K absorption capacity.‘Shao teng xuan’ and ‘Mao jia ye shao zi’ increased active P and moderately active P content in soil P pool by increasing acid phosphatase activity,total organic acid content,and root epidermal acid phosphatase activity.The results of this study can provide a reference for using typical legume resources in Qinghai as green manure crops,and provide theoretical support for using hairy vetch to activate insoluble phosphorus in rock phosphate. |
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