Effects Of Fertilization Outsourcing Service On Fertilization Behavior Of Part-time Farmers

According to the No.1 Central Document of 2020,the central government and relevant organization departments at all levels carry out chemical fertilizer reduction action.Farmers are the main body of practicing chemical fertilizer reduction,and their fertilization behavior has a direct impact on chemical fertilizer reduction.With the continuous outflow of rural labor force,household labor force will decrease and labor cost will rise,which will lead to changes in the way of fertilization of farmers.For example,farmers working outside can not often go back and forth,so they may reduce the number of fertilization,but increase the amount of fertilization each time,or even adopt the method of "one blast".Therefore,the change of fertilization behavior of part-time farmers will affect the green development of agriculture.Then,specifically,what is the impact of farmer’s employment on the frequency and deviation of fertilization? After the emergence of outsourcing services,can the shortage of household labor be alleviated? Households with laborers going out can employ outsourcing services for mechanical fertilization,and will it change the influence of labor transfer on the frequency and deviation of fertilization?This study based on the rural labor force continued outflows and the outsourcing service under the background of rapid development of agricultural production for farmers fertilize the change of the behavior study,from the aspects of theory and empirical analysis of multiple occupations of farmers fertilizer frequency deviates from fertilization amount,and further analyzes the moderating effect of part-time farmers purchasing fertilization outsourcing service.A total of 478 farmers from128 villages and 690 plots of land in Heilongjiang,Zhejiang,Sichuan and Henan provinces were used to test the above effects by combining poisson model,non-observed effects ensemble data model and instrumental variable method.The results show that under the multiple effects of factor substitution and complementarity,the employment of labor force out of town will lead to "less times and more amounts" of fertilization,and the amount of fertilization will deviate from the optimal economic level to a greater extent.Fertilization outsourcing service can effectively alleviate the decline in fertilization frequency caused by the shortage of labor force among farmers,but the moderating effect of part-time farmers on fertilization deviation may be insignificant under the influence of economic incentives and quality supervision difficulties.It can be seen that the simple fertilization method of outsourcing fertilization service for part-time farmers did not form the result of reduction,and did not bring a positive impact on the reduction of fertilizer input.Based on the above research conclusion,this study has the following enlightenment:(1)From the perspective of service scale operation,part-time farmers hand over agricultural execution subjects to production outsourcing service organizations,and the residual claims on the land are still part-time farmers,so need to establish a more reasonable incentive compatibility mechanism,avoid production outsourcing service organizations appear opportunism behavior;(2)With the continuous development of agricultural production outsourcing service market,the adverse impact of part-time farmers on agricultural production has not been resolved.Currently,it is still necessary to continue to pay attention to small-scale farmers whose main mode of production is service scale operation;(3)At present,farmers’ demand for outsourcing services in fertilization is not high,and the decision-making body of most fertilizer purchase is still small farmers themselves.It is necessary to continue to strengthen the publicity of green production behaviors among small farmers and promote related technologies.(4)We should strengthen the government’s normative role in fertilizing outsourcing service organizations,and promote agricultural technology of production service organizations,and mobilize the grass-roots forces to work together to achieve the reduction of fertilizer input.