| Bucklebury pigs has the characteristics of early sexual maturity,muscles are of good quality,and bamei pig has strong resistance,high resistance to forage,litter size,slow growth,back fat thickness etc,so the test of bamei pig on the identification of the varieties of microsatellite alleles and nipple number correlation analysis,we hope to find effective molecular markers to improve animal performance and provide reference for pig breeding industry.At the same time,by measuring the growth performance of“Berkshire Pigs×Bamei”Pigs F1 and F2 generations,the suitable energy to egg ratio level of F2 generations of Pigs was explored.In order to develop a new breed of“Berkshire Pigs×Bamei”Pigs with fast growth rate and good meat quality.The experimental results are as follows:1 Identification of New(GT)_n,(AC)_n,(TC)_n,and(TGA)_n Microsatellite Alleles and their Association with Teat Number traits in bamei SowsIn this study,To F-MS was used to identify four new microsatellite loci in qinghai Bmei pig genome:L1-(GT)_n,L2-(AC)_n,L3-(TC)_n and L4-(TGA)_n.The minimum allele frequencies(MAF)of these loci were 0.094,0.255,0.057 and 0.232,respectively.Six genotypes were observed in qinghai Bamei pig population:152-/152-,152-/164-,152-/166-,164-/164-,164-/166-and 166-/166-bp,L1-(GT)_n was located in RAI2 gene,L2-(AC)_n and L3-(TC)_n were located in intergenic region and L4-(TGA)_n is located on IMMPL2 gene.The L1-(GT)_n locus was associated with 6genotypes and 3 alleles,while the other loci were associated with only 2 alleles.Further association analysis showed that L1-(GT)_n was significantly associated with nipple number,indicating that the 152 bp allele was a beneficial allele.The correlation analysis suggested that L1-(GT)N microsatellite might represent a potential DNA marker,which could be used to increase the nipple number of pigs and contribute to the breeding of Bamei pig.2 Production performance measurement of offspring of"Berkshire×Bamei"PigsBerkshire Pigs were selected as male parent and Bamei pigs as female parent.Fifteen“Berkshire×Bamei”pigs F1 were selected,which were basically the same in health,age and size,and had similar breeding management methods and rearing environment.Growth performance was measured at birth,weaning,2 months of age,4 months of age,6 months of age and 9 months of age,and backfat thickness was also measured at 9 months of age.The results showed that birth weight and weaning weight of“Berkshire×Bamei”pigs F1 were higher than that of sows.The performance of sows was higher than that of boars from 2 months to 9 months of age;the performance of sows was higher than that of boars from 2 months to 9 months of age.The performance of“Berkshire×Bamei”pigs F1 generation was compared with that of purebred Bamei pigs.Birth weight and weaning weight of“Berkshire×Bamei”pigs F1 generation were better than those of purebred Bamei pigs.3 Determination of digestible energy-protein ratios in suitable diet for"Berkshire×Bamei"Pigs fattening StageThe 27 duality of“Berkshire×Bamei”pigs F2 of similar age(4 months of age)and weight were randomly divided into three groups,with three replicates in each group.Pigs in each group were fed diets with different energy-protein ratios(DE/CP:0.96∶1,0.87∶1,0.80∶1),respectively.The results showed that the average daily gain of pigs increased with the decrease of energy-protein ratios in diet,and the average daily feed intake in G2 group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Three groups of pig feces were sequenced by 16S r RNA,and a total of 423 operational taxa(OTUs)were obtained,belonging to 14 phyla and 177genera.At the phylum level,the dominant bacteria in the three groups of pig feces were Firmicutes,Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota.The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was 26.51:1 in G1 group,37.07:1 in G2 group and 26.75:1 in G3 group,respectively.At the genus level,the dominant bacteria in G1 and G2 groups of pig feces were Clostridium,Terrisporobacter and Turicibacter,while the dominant genera in the G3 group were Clostridium,Streptococcus and Terrisporobacter.Diets with low energy-protein ratios can improved the relative abundance of Oscillospira,Bacillus and Butyricicoccaceae,and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae(P<0.05).The abundance of Oscillospira was positive correlated with the average daily gain and negatively correlated with the feed to gain ratio(P<0.01).The abundance of Bacillus was positive correlated with feed consumption and average daily gain(P<0.05),the abundance of Butyricicoccaceae was positive correlated with body weight(P<0.05),back fat thickness and other indicators,the abundance of Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with body weight(P<0.05),body length and hip circumference,etc.In conclusion,152 bp genotype of L1-(GT)N microsatellite loci has a positive effect on nipple number of pigs.The birth weight and weaning weight of Berkshire×Bamei pigs F1 were better than those of purebred Bamei pigs.The optimal energy-protein ratios of Berkshire×Bamei pigs 4-6 months old is 0.80∶1. |
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