Effects Of Machine-Harvested Cotton Intercropping Cumin On Water Use Efficiency,Yield And Quality

Objective: By studying the interaction effect between machine-harvested cotton planting pattern and cumin intercropping utilization mode,the influence mechanism of cumin and machine-harvested cotton intercropping on soil moisture,crop growth and development,crop production potential and water use efficiency in southern Xinjiang.In order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the promotion,management and optimization of the rational allocation planting pattern of cumin and machine-harvested cotton intercropping in southern Xinjiang.Method: This experiment was carried out in the fixed position experiment field of Xinjiang Alar reclamation area from 2020 to 2021,with cotton variety Tahe No.2 and cumin variety New cumin No.3 as experimental materials.3 planting patterns of machine-harvested cotton were set: three tubes served three rows of plants with equal row spacing and low density(A),three tubes served four rows of plants with wide-narrow row spacing and medium density(B),and three tubes served six rows of plants with wide-narrow row spacing and high density(C);3 intercropping methods of cumin were as follows: intercropping between films(a),intercropping between films and within films(b),and non-intercropping(CK),with a total of 9 treatments.Determination of soil moisture content,aboveground parts of crops(plant height,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,etc.),yield components,cotton quality,water use efficiency and others.Results: 1.The intercropping pattern of machine-harvested cotton and cumin increased the vegetation cover density,reduced the evaporation of soil moisture and increased the soil moisture content.With the increase of soil depth,the soil moisture content increased first and then decreased,and the soil moisture content in intercropping mode was significantly higher than that in machine-harvested cotton monoculture.During the intercropping period of machine-harvested cotton and cumin,the highest soil moisture content of treatment A(b)was 19.37%,and the soil moisture content of 0 ～ 10 cm soil layer of treatment C(ck)was 60% lower than the field water capacity(the soil moisture content was lower than 11.0% ～ 12.0%).The water efficiency cotton under treatments A(b)and A(a),B(b)and B(a),C(b)and C(a)increased by 13.95% and 8.25%,14.76% and 8.17%,25.11% and 14.88% respectively.Machine-harvested cotton and cumin intercropping can increase vegetation cover density,reduce soil moisture evaporation,increase soil moisture storage,reduce crop water consumption,improve crop yield per unit area,and then improve crop water use efficiency.2.Compared with conventional intercropping with three tubes served six rows of machine-harvested cottons and cumin intercropping between films and within films,the plant height,dry matter accumulation and yield of cumin were increased in planting patterns with three tubes served three and four rows of machineharvested cottons.Compared with conventional intercropping C(a)of machine-harvested cottons,the yield of cumin was increased by 13.24% and 6.29% respectively under the treatment of cumin intercropping between films;compared with conventional intercropping C(b)between films and within films of machineharvested cottons,the yield of C(b)cumin was increased by 28.85% and 3.70% respectively under the treatment of cumin intercropping between films and within films.Compared with that of machine-harvested cotton monoculture,the dry matter accumulation of treatments A(b)and A(a),B(b)and B(a),C(b)and C(a)increased by 9.92% and 4.46%,6.18% and 6.28%,3.40% and 1.98% respectively;The yield increased by 6.88% and 3.68%,10.13% and 3.72%,15.52% and 9.73% respectively;The Mic values increased by 4.58%and 2.29%,13.56% and 9.32%,12.20% and 8.13% respectively.Intercropping cumin significantly increased cotton yield,Mic value and textile parameters,indicating that machine-harvested cotton intercropping cumin has higher intercropping advantages.3.Through the grey system theory analysis,soil moisture and related cotton agronomic characters on the yield of the impact,the soil moisture and dry matter accumulation of cotton yield is the most significant impact.The cotton yield performance was the best under the planting system of intercropping with three tubes served three rows of machine-harvested cottons combined with cumin intercropping between films and within films,while the cotton yield performance was the lowest under the planting system of intercropping with three tubes served four rows of machine-harvested cottons.Conclusion: According to the actual production and experimental results,On the premise of ensuring crop yield,it is suggested to adopt the low-density machine-harvested cotton planting pattern with equal row spacing of three tubes served three rows to configure cumin intercropping,which is beneficial to improve water use efficiency and reduce water consumption,thus achieving the purposes of increasing yield,saving water,improving quality and increasing efficiency,the planting pattern of cumin intercropping between films and within films has higher yield advantages and economic benefits,and has a positive effect on the adjustment of planting structure and the sustainable development of agriculture in southern Xinjiang.