| Rose(Rosa rugosa)is a familiar landscape plant with large and colorful flowers,a strong aroma,multiple flowering,and a lengthy blooming time.It is widely utilized in the food,pharmaceutical,and essential oil industries.Currently,people primarily rely on chemical pesticides to prevent and control insect pests,which not only introduce problems with environmental pollution but also produce chemical residues that will make it difficult to guarantee the safety of edible plants.So exploring green and environmentally friendly biological control technologies has become an urgent requirement for plant protection.In this paper,the Rosa rugosa ’Zi Zhi’ and gypsy moth larvae(Lymantria dispar)were used as research objects.Single and mixed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Funneliformis mosseae(FM)and Rhizophagus intraradices(RI))were used to inoculate rose to study their effects on growth and physiological metabolism of rose and the growth and development of gypsy moth larvae.The article clarified the effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)fungi on rose against gypsy moth and provided reference and technical support for the biological control of rose against gypsy moth.The results of the study are as follows:(1)AM fungi inoculation significantly improved the growth of both the aboveground and belowground parts of the rose plants.The plant height of the treatment group was 1.9～2.2-,the number of leaves was 1.5-,the length of uppermost leaves was 1.5～1.8-,and the width of the uppermost leaves was 1.2～1.3-fold than that of the control group.The root length of the treatment group was 1.8～2.5-,the surface area and projection area was 1.7～2.1-,the root volume was 1.7-,the number of root tips was 1.9～3-,and the number of forks was 1.7～2.6-fold than that of the control group.Inoculation with AM fungi significantly reduced the average diameter of rose root by 10 to 20%.(2)Feeding on mycorrhizal rose leaves considerably prolonged the developmental duration and inhibited the growth and development of gypsy moth larvae.The developmental duration of gypsy moth larvae was prolonged by 4.8 to 5.8 days,the body weight was decreased by 9 to 24%,body length by 4 to 6%,and the width of head sheath by 11 to 15%.(3)Inoculation with AM fungi enhanced the activities of defensive enzymes and proteins and promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites in rose leaves,and also enhanced the defense of rose against gypsy moth.Before and after feeding by gypsy moth larvae,PPO,POD,TI,CI,flavonoids,total phenols and tannins in mycorrhizal rose leaves were significantly higher than those in non-mycorrhizal plants.Gypsy moth larvae feeding significantly enhanced enzyme activities of PAL,PPO,POD,TI,CI,the contents of total phenols and tannins in rose leaves.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between the developmental duration of gypsy moth larvae and rose defense substances.(4)Metabolomics showed that inoculation with AM fungi promoted the accumulation of Methyl dihydrojasmonate(Me JA)in rose roots,jasmonic acid(JA)and abscisic acid(ABA)in rose leaves.The treatment groups were 6.9-,1.6-and 3.4-fold higher than those of the control,respectively.The AM fungi significantly regulated 1623 metabolites in rose root and 1589 in rose leaves.Colonization with AM fungi promoted the accumulation of fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids and inhibited the accumulation of amino acids in rose roots.The flavonoids were up-regulated and the glycosides were down-regulated in rose leaves.A total of19 metabolites that significantly correlated with the growth and development of gypsy moth were screened out.Among ABA,glycerophosphocholine,1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myoinositol,(-)-catechin,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate,3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol and 3-trans-caffeoyltormentic acid were significantly different from those of the control.These compounds may play a role in the resistance of rose to gypsy moth induced by AM fungi. |
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