Application Concentration Screening Of Bicarbonate Irrigated To Tomato Root And Intelligent Detection Of Inorganic Carbon Stress

Global warming will bring several problems to the earth,like seasonal drought and floods.Of these,seasonal drought will produce drought stress on plants,which will make a reduction in crop yield and great losses to the agricultural economy.Applying bicarbonate through root in plant growth can alleviate the drought stress of plants,but different concentrations of bicarbonate roots application will have different effects on plant growth and development,nutrient absorption capacity and carbon sequestration,so it is necessary to screen the appropriate bicarbonate application concentration.At the same time,the current research mainly focuses on the impact of bicarbonate application on the nutrient element uptake capacity of the plant and the possible stress due to the high application concentration of bicarbonate.But the impact of bicarbonate application on carbon fixation of the plant was not concerned in past research.Based on this,using tomato as the model plant and sodium bicarbonate as the representative bicarbonate,this research studied the effects of the application concentration of bicarbonate on the growth and development characteristics and carbon fixation of tomato at different growth stages and screened the optimal application concentration of bicarbonate by membership function method.At the same time,an intelligent detection model of inorganic carbon stress in the tomato development stage was constructed based on deep learning technology.The results are listed as follows:（1）The application experiments of bicarbonate were carried out in different growth stages of tomato,then the optimal application concentration range of bicarbonate in each growth stage was obtained.During the germination period of tomato seeds,compared with no application of bicarbonate to the soil,when the application concentration of bicarbonate in the soil was 1-12 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil,the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,the survival rate of buds and seedlings,fresh weight of buds and seedlings,and root length of buds and seedlings of tomato was increased.However,applying excessive concentrations of bicarbonate（such as 15 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil）to soil would lead to seed germination,the vigor of seeds and the growth,and the development of buds and seedlings of tomato was inhibited.Through comprehensive analysis of the optimal concentration of bicarbonate by membership function analysis method,it could be obtained that the optimal concentration range of bicarbonate applied to soil during the germination period was 8-11 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil.In the development stage of tomatoes,applying 1-8 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil bicarbonate to soil could increase the total biomass,root surface area,root length,and chlorophyll content of tomato.Among these,the optimal concentration range of root application of bicarbonate was 1-7 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil.In the flowering stage of tomato,root application of bicarbonate of 1-4 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil could increase the flowering number,total biomass,root surface area,and chlorophyll content of tomato.The optimal concentration range of applying bicarbonate to the soil was1-4 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil.In the fruiting stage of tomato,root application of bicarbonate of 1-12 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil could improve tomato yield,fruit carbon organic matter content,fruit soluble solid matter content,solid acid ratio,vitamin C content,sensory color,and taste sweetness.The application concentration range was 6-12 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil.At the same time,it was also found that applied bicarbonate in rhizosphere soil could increase the total carbon content in tomato stems and leaves at the development stage,flowering stage,and fruiting stage.（2）Based on the optimal application concentration range of bicarbonate to soil in each growth stage of tomato,the field cultivation experiment of tomato in the whole life cycle was carried out.Then the optimal application concentration of bicarbonate in each growth stage of tomato in the actual cultivated condition was determined.In the field cultivation experiment,root application of bicarbonate could increase tomato fruit yield,stem and leaf carbon content,fruit carbon content,root carbon content,plant chlorophyll content,and plant carbon fixation.The optimal application concentration of bicarbonate to soil was shown as follows:7 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil in the development stage;Flowering stage:4 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil;In the resulting period:6 g-NaHCO₃/kg-soil.Under the optimal root application scheme,the fruit yield and total carbon fixation of tomatoes were increased by75.1%and 38.5%respectively compared with the plain water treatment group.（3）After applying soluble inorganic carbon（bicarbonate）to the roots of tomatoes at the development stage,the phenotypic images of tomato inorganic carbon stress were obtained by a digital camera.Then the inorganic carbon stress image data of tomatoes at the development stage（15224 images）was established by manually labeling and preprocessing the images of different levels of inorganic carbon stress.Based on this,the intelligent detection model of inorganic carbon stress was constructed by using the Res Net101 deep learning network.In the test of 1522 samples,the accuracy of the model could reach 95.2%.At the same time,the potential classification criteria of the intelligent detection model of inorganic carbon stress based on deep learning were explored.It was found that the characteristics of tomato leaves were super important for the identification of the detection model of inorganic carbon stress on tomatoes.