| The Alashan red deer(Cervus elaphus alashanicus)and the blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur alashanicus)in Helan Mountain are both classified as Class II key protected wild animals in China.Under the conditions of captive breeding experiment,controlling factors such as food,healthy individuals,gender,age,etc.The diversity and structure of gut microbiota of captive the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain were analyzed by 16 S r RNA highthroughput sequencing technology.Gut microbiota plays an important role in the nutrient absorption,food digestion,immune response,disease prevention and other aspects of organisms.This study analyzed the sampling of captive individuals,so as to explore the two target animals in the wild.The coexistence mechanism provides a theoretical basis,and also builds a foundation for the improvement of the captive system.The results are as follows:(1)All samples were annotated into 25 phyla,48 classed,71 orders,147 families and 271 genera.2 039 OTU for captive the Alasha red deer and the blue sheep in Helan Mountain,145 unique OTU for captive the Alashan red group,and 119 unique OTU for captive the blue sheep in Helan Mountain group.(2)Among the captive age groups,the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain contain Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia in the top five phyla at the phylum classification level,and the The abundance of Firmicutes in the adult group was greater than that in the sub-adult group;In the sex group,the two phyla with the highest abundance in the male and female samples of captive the Alashan red deer were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,accounting for both More than 80%,the two orders with the highest abundance are Clostridiales under Firmicutes and Bacteroidales under Bacteroidetes;in the species group,blue sheep in Helan Mountain and the Alashan red deer(male)are in the phylum.At the taxonomic level,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounted for more than 80%,and there was a significant difference in the phylum Planctomycetes(P < 0.05).Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounted for more than 80% of the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain(female)groups,and there were significant differences in the Verrucomicrobia blue sheep in Helan Mountain(P < 0.05).(3)Comparing the Alpha diversity of gut microbiota among different age groups,it was found that the abundance of Chao1 and ACE index in each group of captive the Alashan red deer were not significant(P > 0.05),while the abundance of Chao1 and ACE index among each group of blue sheep in Helan Mountain.The degrees were all significant(P < 0.05),and all adults were larger than sub-adults.Comparing the diversity of gut microbiota between different gender groups,it was found that the Shannon and Chao1 indices of the captive the Alashan red deer groups were higher in females than in males,and the Simpson index was higher in males than females,but the differences were not significant.Both Chao1 and ACE indices were greater in females than males,and the difference was significant(P < 0.05);in Beta analysis.Comparing the diversity of gut microbiota between different species groups,it was found that in the males of the captive the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain,only the ACE index was significantly different between the two groups(P < 0.05);in the females,the ACE and Chao1 indexes were significantly different between the two groups.There were significant differences(P < 0.05).The community richness of blue sheep in Helan Mountain was greater than that of the Alashan red deer.(4)In the STAMP analysis at the phylum classification level,there were significant differences in the phylum Planktoria in male adult red deer in species group(P < 0.05);Among female adult the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain group,the Alashan red deer and blue sheep in Helan Mountain.There were significant differences in Verrucomicrobia and Candidatus＿Saccharibacteria(P < 0.05).Among the sex group,only the female group Candidatus Saccaribacteria was significantly different in the adult red deer samples(P < 0.05);in the sub-adult red deer samples,there were significant differences in the Chloroflexi and Deferribacteria of the male group(P < 0.05).There were significant differences in Chloroflexibacteria in the female group the blue sheep in Helan Mountain(P < 0.05);Actinobacteria and Fibrobacteria in different sexes in the sub-adult group showed significant differences in males;Glycobacteria showed significant differences in males.Candidatus＿Saccharibacteria,Candidate＿Division＿WPS-2,unclassified＿Bacteria,showed significant differences among females. |
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