| Dendrobium is a perennial herb such as Dendrobium Sw.and Flickingeria Hawkes.Dendrobium is widely used as cut flowers,potted bonsai,etc.As a"medicine and food homologous"plant,it has various chemical components such as polysaccharides and alkaloids,and contains pharmacological effects such as lowering blood sugar,lowering blood lipids,anti-cancer and anti-tumor.However,at present,due to the shortage of domestic and foreign market supply of Dendrobium,the resources of Dendrobium are concentrated,and the pressure of wild Dendrobium native species resources has increased,and the market demand cannot be satisfied.In view of this,after 52 species of Dendrobium were introduced from Sichuan,Yunnan and Anhui and cultivated to Shanghai,the germplasm resources of some Dendrobium species were evaluated based on the active components of Dendrobium polysaccharides.Potentially high-quality Dendrobium species based on polysaccharides.At the same time,the in vitro propagation technology of Dendrobium plant materials with ornamental value and medicinal value in the introduction and cultivation was innovated and optimized,and artificial pollination experiments were attempted on Dendrobium plants with higher ornamental value.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of Dendrobium germplasm resources in the future,and lays a foundation for the effective propagation technology of Dendrobium in the later period,as well as the market and industrialization of Dendrobium.The main findings are as follows:1.The germplasm resources evaluation based on the effective components of Dendrobium polysaccharide was carried out on some Dendrobium plants introduced and cultivated.25 Dendrobium Sw.（including one species）and one Flickingeria Hawkes.species were directly used as raw materials,extracted with hot water,phenol-sulfuric acid method combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry based on polysaccharide content.The evaluation indicators showed that D.huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng（>30%）was a high-quality Dendrobium species among Dendrobium species,and it was reported for the first time that the determination of D.linawianum Rchb.f.（13.028%）,D.ochraceum De Wild.（10.976%）,D.crystallinum Rchb.f.（4.993%）,D.draconis Rchb.f.（3.106%）,D.secundum（Blume）Lindl.（0.528%）and Flickingeria comata（Bl.）Hawkes（0.531%）polysaccharide content.Secondly,artificial pollination experiments were carried out on Dendrobium plants,as well as the observation records of the phenological period of the complete flowering and fruit period and the summary of the morphological characteristics of the capsules.The experimental results showed that the germination period of the phenological period of the Dendrobium flowering period was mostly concentrated in February to March,and the budding period was mostly concentrated in April to May,the first flowering period was mostly concentrated in May,the full flowering period was mostly concentrated in June,and the flowering period was mostly concentrated in June to July.The flowering period was about 5-30 days.Most Dendrobium flowers were racemes,and the number of flowers was about 1-31 flowers;the rate of cross-pollination was higher than that of the same plant,and the rate of cross-pollination of Dendrobium hybird was 90%,which was the highest;April to December,the maturity period was November to January,and the harvest period was December to January.Among them,the Dendrobium nobile Lindl.hairpin capsule was the heaviest and longest,3.608-3.793g and 3.765-4.998cm.Determination of Dendrobium polysaccharides,observation of flower and fruit phenology and artificial pollination experiments provide an experimental basis for the application and development of Dendrobium germplasm resources,and potential high-quality Dendrobium varieties need to be studied and explored.2.Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf is a plant of the genus Dendrobium in the introduction and cultivation.It has great prospects for research and development due to the high ornamental value and potential medicinal value of its rhizomes.Therefore,the collected Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf was used for the first time.The in vitro breeding system provides support for follow-up germplasm production and research and development.The optimal medium for Flickingeria albopurpurea Seidenf seed germination was:MS+0.1mg·L-1 NAA+1.0mg·L-1 6-BA+30g·L-1 sucrose+7.8g·L-1agar,which can be clearly observed in about 50 days.The plump green protocorm sprouted and sprouted,while the higher proportion of 6-BA and NAA induced slower,and a small part browned or died;the best medium for protocorm proliferation and differentiation was:MS+0.5mg·L-1 NAA+0.5mg·L-16-BA+30g·L-1 sucrose+7.8g·L-1agar,the multiplication factor of protocorm was 4.06,the proliferation is dense,some differentiate into seedlings,and the color is emerald green;the best medium for strong seedlings rooting was:MS+0.5mg·L-1IBA+0.5mg·L-1NAA+30g·L-1 sucrose+7.8g·L-1agar,the rooting rate was 97.67%after 50 days,the number of roots was 5.53.3.Due to the great ornamental value of Dendrobium hybird,an in vitro propagation system with stem segments as explants was established with the introduced and cultivated D.hybird,and the culture mode was innovated and optimized,which greatly improved the proliferation coefficient.The best medium for inducing axillary buds was:MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 g·L-1 AC+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1 Agar,the induction rate was 72.73%,and the axillary buds grow well;the best medium for the proliferation of cluster buds was:MS+1 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1 g·L-1AC+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1 Agar,the multiplication factor was 4.25,the proliferation was fast and strong;the best medium for strong seedling rooting was:MS+1 mg·L-1 IBA+1 g·L-1 AC+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1 agar,the rooting rate was96.67%,the number of roots was 4.9,and the root length was 18.50cm,which was significantly better than adding organic additives.4.Because Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo has high medicinal and health care value and ornamental value,the collected D.officinale Kimura et Migo is used to establish an in vitro propagation system with seeds as explants to provide support for subsequent mitigation of market demand.The results showed that the best medium for D.officinale Kimura et Migo seed germination was:MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-16-BA+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1 agar,and it was completely destroyed after 50 days.Most of the seeds basically form protocorms,and some protocorms have 1-2 green leaf primordium protrusions on the top;the best medium for protocorm proliferation was:1/2MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+1 g·L-1 AC+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1agar,after 30 days,the protocorm proliferated densely,the individual was large and full,and partially differentiated;the best medium for protocorm differentiation was:MS+0.1mg·L-1 NAA+2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+1 g·L-1 AC+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1 agar,after 50days,most of the protocorms differentiated into robust seedlings,which differentiated compared with the low concentration The speed is fast,and there are obvious stems and leaves;the best medium for seedling rooting was:MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1IBA+100 g·L-1 watermelon+1.0 g·L-1 AC+30g·L-1 sucrose+7.8 g·L-1agar,after adding organic additive watermelon,the seedlings took root and strengthen the seedlings significantly,the number of roots was 4.8,and the root length was 2.3cm. |
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