Domesticated Cultivation And Pharmacognosy Studies Of Several Pholiota Species

Pholiota（Fr.）Kumm.is rich in species and most of them widely used.In this paper,based on the wild investigation of P.aurivella,P.adiposa and P.lubrica which have food and medicinal value are selected for biological characteristics and domestication.The crude polysaccharides of P.aurivella are extracted and studied its hepatoprotective effect in order to provide a good research basis and new ideas for the developing and utilization of Pholiota（Fr.）Kumm.The biological property and domesticated cultivation of P.aurivella,P.adiposa,and P.lubrica was studied.In the experimental range:The suitable growth temperature of P.aurivella mycelium is 20～30℃,p H is 6～8,carbon source is mannitol,nitrogen source is yeast paste,inorganic salt is potassium chloride,and growth factor is VB₆.The suitable growth temperature of P.adiposa mycelium is 15～25℃,p H is 5～7.The carbon source is sucrose,the nitrogen source is beef paste,the inorganic salt is magnesium sulfate,and the growth factor is VC.The suitable growth temperature of P.lubrica mycelium is 15～25℃,p H is 6～8.The carbon source is maltose,nitrogen source is casein,inorganic salt is potassium chloride,and growth factor is VE.The results of domesticated cultivation showed that:P.aurivella liquid strains grew to the full size of the bag in about 30～40 d at the earliest after being attached to the bag.The primordium of fruiting entity appeared about 8～16 d from the start of bud set,and the primordium of fruiting entity differentiated into mature substrates after 12～20 d.P.adiposa liquid strain grows to the full size of the bag in 28～37 d at the earliest after being attached to the bag.The primordium of fruiting entity appeared about 11～23 d from the beginning of the bud,and the primordium of fruiting entity differentiated into mature substrates after 15～27 d.The hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharides of P.aurivella substrate was investigated.The results showed that the administered group exhibited efficient hepatoprotective activity.It significantly prolonged the duration of intoxication and shortened the sobriety time in mice,while reducing the alcohol-induced hepatic index and serum levels of ALT,AST,TG,TC,and MDA in the liver.Also,this significantly increased the activity of SOD and CAT in the liver.The results of liver histopathological sections showed that the histomorphology of alcoholic hepatocytes in the drug administration group was significantly improved.This also further confirmed the protective effect of P.aurivella crude polysaccharide on alcoholic liver injury from cell morphology.Metabonomics analysis was performed on liver tissues from mice in the blank group（K group）,liquor group（M group）and high-dose administration group（G group）.The final results showed that the samples of group K,M and G can achieve better separation results.Compared with group K and G,200 metabolic differences were identified;group G and group M identified62 metabolic differences;and group K and group M identified 200 metabolic differences.Among them,there are 13 differentiated metabolites in the K-G group and the G-M group;118differential metabolites in the K-G group and the M-K group;19 differentiated metabolites in the M-K group and the G-M group;and 10 differentiated metabolites in the K,G and M groups.The identified metabolites mainly included organic acids,lipids,nucleosides and protein.Finally,35 differential metabolites were selected for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis,which were significantly enriched in choline metabolism,ABC transporter protein,glycerol phospholipid metabolism and protein digestion and absorption metabolism pathways.