Effects Of Wood Vinegar On The Growth And Development Of Tomato And Rhizosphere Soil Characteristics

In this experiment,ginobili tomato was used as the test material.Under the conditions of conventional fertilizer application amount and cultivation technology management,wood vinegar diluted at different times was applied into the rhizosphere soil of ginobili tomato in the way of root irrigation.There were five treatments in the experiment:CK（distilled water,no wood vinegar）,MC1（diluted 100 times wood vinegar）,MC3（diluted 300 times wood vinegar）,MC5（diluted 500 times wood vinegar）,MC7（diluted 700 times wood vinegar）.The growth,yield and quality of tomato were measured,the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of tomato rhizosphere soil were measured,and the diversity and community structure of soil bacterial community were analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology.In order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of wood vinegar on tomato growth and rhizosphere soil characteristics,and explore the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar in tomato production.Under the conditions of this experiment,the research results are as follows:1.The application of wood vinegar with appropriate concentration had positive effects on the biological characters and yield of tomato,and promoted the growth and development of tomato and fruit quality.Under the conditions of this study,it is recommended to apply wood vinegar at a concentration of 500 times dilution for tomato root irrigation.The optimal concentration of wood vinegar for promoting tomato plant growth was 500 times dilution,followed by 300 times dilution.The results showed that each treatment had no significant effect on the average fruit set number per plant.The average fruit weight and total yield were increased by 8.14%,5.21%and 3.26%respectively when diluted 300,500 and 700 times wood vinegar.Wood vinegar diluted 500 times had the best improvement effect on tomato quality,with the average soluble sugar content 3.29%,sugar to acid ratio 15.67,soluble protein 0.36mg·g^-1,Vc 34.14 mg·100g^-1 and lycopene 36.89μg·g^-1.The average content of soluble solid was5.31%.2.The application of wood vinegar improved the physical and chemical properties of tomato rhizosphere soil,increased the nutrient of tomato rhizosphere soil,and improved the tested soil.Compared with the control treatment,the use of wood vinegar liquid treatment on tomato rhizosphere soil nitrogen content is lower,p H and alkali solution diluted 100 times wood vinegar liquid treatment also significantly reduced the tomato rhizosphere soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content,organic matter,nitrate nitrogen and effective phosphorus content under diluted 100 times wood vinegar liquid handling,Significantly lower than that of distilled water treatment 9.49%,18.43%and 20.85%.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in tomato rhizospheric soil were significantly increased by 34.56%,22.61%,14.61%,33%,30.55%and 16.17%in 500 times diluted wood vinegar compared with CK.Comprehensive evaluation showed that 500 times diluted wood vinegar had the best effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of tomato rhizosphere soil,while 100 times diluted wood vinegar had adverse effects on the physical and chemical properties of tomato rhizosphere soil.3.The application of wood vinegar improved the enzyme activities of tomato rhizosphere soil.Compared with distilled water,the application of wood vinegar significantly increased the enzyme activities of sucrase and urease in tomato rhizosphere soil,and significantly decreased the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase in tomato rhizosphere soil.The activity of sucrase and urease in the rhizosphere soil of Eggplant reached the maximum value under 500 times dilution of wood vinegar,which was significantly higher than that under distilled water（23.47%and 22.68%）.For catalase in the rhizosphere soil of Eggplant,only 100 times dilution of wood vinegar significantly increased the catalase activity by 5.53%compared with the control.There was no significant difference among different treatments,and the activity of catalase in tomato rhizosphere soil was also increased by 500 times dilution of wood vinegar solution（MC5）.The decrease of alkaline phosphatase in tomato rhizosphere soil was related to the decrease of soil p H.Comprehensive evaluation showed that wood vinegar diluted 500 times had the best effect on improving the enzyme activity of tomato soil rhizosphere soil.4.The application of wood vinegar in root irrigation improved the structure of bacterial community,affected the diversity of bacterial colony and increased the richness of bacterial colony.Miseq sequencing results showed that OTU at 97%similar level were obtained by cluster analysis,and the OTU numbers of samples were MC7（4395）>MC5（4336）>CK（4314）>MC1（4286）>MC3（4260）.Through Alpha diversity analysis,The richness index,ACE index and Shannon index of 500 times wood vinegar dilution and 700 times wood vinegar dilution were higher than those of distilled water,while the richness index of 100 times wood vinegar dilution and 300 times wood vinegar dilution were lower than those of distilled water.High concentration wood vinegar inhibited and low concentration wood vinegar promoted.The results showed that the dilution of 500 times wood vinegar had the best effect on improving the richness of soil bacterial community and maintaining the stability of soil bacterial community.The results showed that Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、Chloroflexi、Bacteroidetes、Gemmatimonadetes、Firmicutes、Myxococcota and Patescibacteria were the dominant bacteria（>1%）in tomato rhizosphere soil irrigated with diluted wood vinegar.The relative abundance of Lysobacter,Rubacter,Pseudarthrobacter,RB41,Bacillus,Steroidobacter,Acidibacter and MND1 was significantly increased compared with the control group.The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria genera such as sphingosponas lysobacter and Bacillus were significantly increased by the application of wood vinegar in root irrigation.RDA（redundancy analysis）showed that the main influencing factors of bacterial community structure were organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus in tomato rhizosphere soil.The results showed that the application of wood vinegar under irrigation changed the bacterial community structure of tomato root soil,and the 500 times dilution of wood vinegar had a certain application potential to improve the rhizosphere soil microecological environment.To sum up,the experimental conditions,diluted 500 times wood vinegar concentrate（MC5）treatment not only improves the tomato growth,yield and quality,soil physical and chemical properties of tomato rhizosphere and the best effect on soil enzyme activity,but also to improve the tomato rhizosphere bacterial colonies,improved the bacterial community richness and diversity,Was the recommended concentration of tomato root irrigation under this test condition.The results can provide data support for wood vinegar in the production of greenhouse tomato and lay a theoretical foundation for the application and promotion of wood vinegar in tomato.