Effects Of Fertilizers Application On Yield,Quality And Economic Benefit Of Winter Wheat

In order to explore the suitable fertilizer types for farmland in Huanghuai area,the field experiment was carried out at two sites in the Xiangyun Town of Wenxian County and in the Yuanyang Modern Agricultural Science and Education Park of Henan Agricultural University from 2019 to 2021.A winter wheat variety named Xinhuamai 818 was selected as the test material with two fertilization rates of 750 kg·hm-2(F1)and 900 kg·hm-2(F2),respectively.No fertilization as the control treatment(CK),four fertilizer treatments including convention fertilizer(CF),humic acid fertilizer(HAF),organic matter formulated fertilizer(OMF)and controlled-loss fertilizer(CLF)were carried out at the same amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply(N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-5).The yield,nitrogen use efficiency,quality and economic benefits of winter wheat affected by four fertilizers application once-time as basal fertilizer were systematically studied.The main results were as follows.(1)Compared with CK,the CLF and OMF treatments could improve the SPAD value,leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation(DMA)and population amount of winter wheat.There was no significant difference in SPAD value,LAI,DMA and population of wheat between reduced fertilization(F1)and conventional fertilization(F2),and the overall trend in Wenxian and Yuanyang site was consistent.(2)Fertilization treatment could improve rhizosphere soil enzyme activity;CLF and OMF treatments had higher soil enzyme activity.At seedling stage and overwintering stage,CLF and OMF treatments had higher soil nitrate nitrogen content,but there was no significant difference in soil ammonium nitrogen content among different fertilizers(except for the F2 overwintering period in Yuanyang site).(3)According to the yield of winter wheat for two consecutive seasons,the four fertilizer treatments could significantly improve the grain yield of winter wheat compared with CK treatment.There was an annual difference in wheat grain yield among fertilizer treatments.From 2019 to 2020,the grain yield of Winter Wheat in CLF treatment is slightly higher,the yield was 10055 kg·hm-2;and from 2020 to 2021,the grain yield of Winter Wheat in OMF treatment is slightly higher,the yield was9756 kg·hm-2.Compared with CF treatment,CLF and OMF treatment increased wheat yield by 7.7%~16.7% and 6.8%~14.4% for two consecutive years,respectively.In addition,the grain yield of wheat in the two both sites was slightly higher in F1,and the grain yield of wheat in Wenxian site was slightly higher than that in Yuanyang site.The reason may be related to the high soil basic fertility in Wenxian site.(4)Compared with CK,CLF and OMF treatments significantly increased grain bulk density by 0.4%~1.8% and 0.3%~3.2%,respectively.The wet gluten content of wheat treated with OMF was higher,and the wet gluten content of wheat treated with OMF was 8%~46% higher than that of CK.Compared with F1,the grain bulk density,protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value of F2 in different fertilizer treatments were slightly higher,but the difference was not significant.Compared with CK treatment,CLF treatment significantly increased the peak viscosity and laxity of wheat.CLF treatment also significantly increased the amylose content of wheat compared with CK treatment.On the whole,there was no significant difference in wheat grain quality between Wenxian and Yuanyang sites.(5)Compared with CK treatment,CLF and OMF treatments had higher nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen contribution rate in two consecutive years.From the economic benefit analysis,the application of CLF and OMF increased the cost of fertilizer input,but the cost of these two types of fertilizers was only slightly higher than that of CF.Under the same cost of labor,the pure benefits of CLF and OMF were increased by10.0%~25.5% and 6.1%~19.3%,respectively,compared with CF.Moreover,the pure benefit of F1 in Wenxian site is relatively high,indicating that fertilizer reduction measures were more suitable for areas with higher soil basic fertility.In summary,one-time basal application of CLF,OMF,HAF and CF improved wheat grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit,and CLF and OMF had better treatment effect.CLF and OMF treatment also improved the grain quality of some wheat.Considering wheat yield,quality,nitrogen use efficiency and pure benefit,one-time basal application of 750 kg·hm-2(N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-5)CLF or OMF can save fertilizer,high quality,high yield and high efficiency,it can be used as a suitable fertilization model in wheat fields with high soil basic fertility in this area.