Research And Application Of Key Technology Of Chives Cultivator

In the process of planting chives,the yield can be increased through soil cultivation.At present,there are no technical achievements related to mechanized soil cultivation of chives.The cultivation of chives is all done manually,with low efficiency and high planting costs.At present,there are no technical achievements related to mechanical soil cultivation of Chinese leeks,so the soil cultivation of Chinese leeks is completely completed manually.This way is low efficiency and high planting cost.The ridge spacing of chives planting is small,and the soil needs to be cultivated several times during the production process,and the final soil cultivation height reaches more than 30 cm.During the operation,it is required to cultivate the soil while supporting the seedlings.The common pastoral management machine has a wide body,it is difficult to operate between rows,and there is a lack of special seedling support devices,resulting in lodging and damage of chives stems and leaves during the operation.Unreasonable soil flow direction and small lateral movement distance caused a large amount of soil reflux,and a small amount reached the roots of chives,and the soil cultivation effect was poor.Aiming at the problems of raising seedlings and unreasonable soil flow in the mechanized raising of Chinese chives,this paper put forward a kind of technology of raising seedlings of Chinese chives: by establishing the mechanical model of raising seedlings movement,designing the device of raising seedlings,and studying the reverse raising technology of soil;Then,the discrete element simulation was carried out to analyze the influence of the operation parameters of the equipment on the soil motion speed,force and soil thickness.Finally,the matching experiment of soil-raising operation parameters was carried out.The relevant research results in this paper are beneficial to solve the problem of soil cultivation for stem and leaf crops.The main research work of this paper is as follows.(1)Research on the key technology of chives cultivation machine.According to the planting mode of Chinese chives and the operation characteristics of the cultivator,a seedling raising technology of Chinese chives was put forward,and the mechanical analysis of seedling raising process was carried out,and the mathematical model of the structural parameters and advancing speed of seedling raising device was established.The results show that when the machine works at different speeds,the inclination angle θ of the seedling-supporting device is in the range of 22.5°-47°,so that the chives can be lifted up smoothly without lodging.Then,the kinematics and dynamics of the soil-cultivation device are analyzed,and the mathematical model of the soil-cultivation device’s structural parameters and soil movement under theoretical conditions is established.The results show that the initial condition for the soil to be thrown out after the tool is buried in the soil is the angle δ between the normal direction of the tangential edge of the tool and the side cutting edge ≥ the friction angle φ between the soil and the surface of the tool.The absolute movement speed increases with the increase of the angle β between the cutting edge and the side cutting edge of the tool.(2)Research on influencing factors and laws of soil cultivation.The influencing factors of soil cultivation quality were analyzed,the discrete element method was used to simulate the soil cultivation process,and the effect of soil cultivation knife bending angle(δ+π/2)and rotation speed on soil cultivation was studied.The results show that the movement speed and force of soil particles along each axis decrease as the bending angle of the tool increases.When the bending angle of the tool is 120°,the soil thickness and the number of particles on the ridge are the largest.The movement speed of soil particles along each axis increases with the increase of the tool speed.When the tool rotation speed is lower than 340r/min,the movement speed of soil particles along each axis increases slightly,the soil thickness and the number of particles on the ridge are small,and When the tool rotation speed is higher than 340r/min,the movement speed of soil along each axis increases greatly,and the soil thickness and the number of particles on the ridge increase sharply.When the tool rotation speed is higher than 360r/min,the movement speed of soil particles along each axis changes little,the movement speed along the Y-axis and X-axis is basically unchanged.(3)Research on the matching of operating parameters of the chives planting machine.Combined with the results of discrete element simulation,the field performance test of chives peeler was carried out according to the test method of cultivaor in national relevant test standards.The soil-cultivation effect and seedling-supporting device of the Chinese chives soil-cultivating machine were carried out with the width of soil-cultivation,soil-cultivation thickness,soil coverage of chives true leaves,lodging rate and damage rate of chives as the test indicators.The test results show that the forward speed of the machine is 0.3m/s,the deployment width of the seedling support device is 628 mm,the cutter speed is 370r/min,the deployment angle of the inner retaining plate is 90°,the deployment angle of the outer retaining plate is 61°,When the knife type is type II(ordinary soil-cultivation knife),the width of soil-cultivation is360.08 mm,the thickness of soil-cultivation is 90 mm,the soil coverage of true leaves of chives is 71.32 g,the lodging rate of chives is 2.32%,the rate of damage to seedlings of chives is 2.28%.The machine meets the agronomic requirements for chives planting.