Study On Technology Of Sulfonated Products From Sand Shrubs And Cement And Evaluation Of Water Holding And Nutritional Properties

The western region is seriously short of water.The key to ecological restoration is to retain water,absorb water and supply fertilizer.It is of great significance to develop simple,practical,high-efficiency,low-cost and water-retaining nutrients ecological restoration products based on local abundant and cheap resources.Caragana and Salix are two common drought-tolerant shrubs in desert areas.They play an important role in preventing wind and sand,conserving water and soil,and improving the ecological environment.They need to be stubbed every 3years.The amount of waste branches produced in the western region is millions of tons every year.In addition to the main components such as cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,they also contain 10%protein.In addition to a small part of these branches being used as willow,fiber board and feed,most of them are discarded,which can be developed as water conservation nutrient source and ecological restoration products according to local conditions.China’s annual output of cement exceeds 2 billion tons,cement is a cheap and large amount of inorganic materials.The production cost of cement is only about 100yuan/ton,and the selling price is 300-400 yuan/ton.As a building material,it is almost the only purpose of cement,and no one has been involved in the research as a plant nutrient source.Cement is the powder of soil,limestone and coal after high temperature melting and cooling.Its main component is strong alkaline tricalcium silicate,and it is rich in soluble salts of Si,Al,Fe,Mg,K,P,Zn,Mn,Cu,S and other nutrients for biological growth.Micro nano silicon fertilizer is a kind of good plant growth regulation,quality and health fertilizer,which has outstanding effect in improving crop quality,increasing crop yield,especially in improving lodging resistance of rice,alleviating soil hardening and improving soil.Therefore,using inorganic mineral activator cement and local shrub stubble branches in sand area as raw materials to produce water-soluble polymer bio based sulfonate products will be an effective way to develop water-saving bio nutrient source pool with high cost performance.Previously,our group established a production process and series of multifunctional water-soluble macromolecular bio-based sulfonates based on plants including straw,fiber,humic acid,starch,lignin and processing residue,which were quickly sulfonated and prepared by mild conditions in SO₃/DCE solution system for ecological remediation and soil conditioning such as water retention and water retention and fertilizer supply,dissolution and solubilization.The development of bio based sulfonate processes using protein rich sauerkraut plants and compositionally complex cement for neutralizing raw materials,overcoming the high energy consumption of material pulverization present in sulfonation processes,the easy binding of reaction processes to the walls,the systematic review and comparison of the characteristics of new synthetic products and the water retention efficiency are the main works of this thesis,and the main achievements are as follows:The optimized process for the smooth synthesis of bio based sulfonates using citraconic Salix and cement as raw materials was determined,achieving the particle size of raw materials from 150 mesh to 30-40 mesh,which greatly reduced the energy consumption of crushing and effectively avoided the agglomeration of material walls.The identified optimized process conditions are as follows:crushing carapace or Shaliu into 30-40 mesh,drying at 150-180℃for 10-20min can lead to a reaction mass conforming to water content lower than 1%,plant flour raw material to SO₃ mass ratio is 1:0.8-1:1,soaking with 3 mol/L SO₃/DCE solution for 10min,removing the material from solution,reacting at 30-40℃for 6-8h,higher conversion rates above 65%can be achieved.The obtained bio-based sulfonic acid intermediates were neutralized with ammonia,lime,and cement to obtain bio-based sulfonic acid ammonium salt and calcium salt.The following four modes of water retention and water absorption were evaluated:First,the water-soluble bio based sulfonate powder obtained by filtration,concentration,and drying was placed in an atmospheric environment to examine its own water sorption capacity from ambient air;The second,a container filled with sand or soil sprayed with different proportions of sulfonates was placed in oven drying to examine the water retention capacity of biobased sulfonates from different raw materials;Third,by placing a container filled with sand or soil sprayed with different ratios of sulfonates in an outdoor atmosphere and exploring environmental temperature humidity changes,exposure to sunlight and diurnal alternation on the changes in the water content of sand or soil;Fourth,by placing sand or soil sprayed with different ratios of various biobased sulfonates in a soil pit outdoors,its interactions with the atmosphere and soil under thermal conditions are explored,with an emphasis on water retention by water absorption,microbial and organic matter changes.Meanwhile,its crust thickness,knot compressive strength,air corrosion resistance after spraying sand soil were tested.The following conclusions were obtained:1)The water retention of the sulfonate prepared by sulfonation of Caragana korshinskii with high protein content is better than that of Salix and straw sulfonate with low protein content;2)The water retention and water absorption of the calcium salt of Caragana Salix cement obtained by neutralization with cement is better than that of the calcium salt obtained by neutralization with lime,and the water retention and water absorption of bio-based sulfonate calcium salt is better than that of bio-based sulfonate ammonium salt,and the water retention of Caragana korshinskii and Salix Cement calcium salt with the best effect has reached 2/3 of that of polyacrylamide.3)Caragana korshinskii and salsasulfonate slowly lose water in the morning sunlight,and can directly absorb water close to their own quality from the air from 3 pm to 7 am the next day,showing a graph of the moisture content fluctuating with day and night;4)The surface of the sand sprayed with bio-based sulfonate can crust.The thickness of the crust is 3-7 mm,which has better resistance to wind erosion.When the dosage of sulfonate is 50 kg/mu,it can resist the net wind speed of 16m/s strong wind;5)Caragana salivarius sulfonate can increase the number of microorganisms in soil or sand by 10-100 times,and significantly increase the organic matter content in soil and sand.The results of this dissertation lay a good research foundation for the development of high cost-effective water retention nutrient sources,ecological restoration and soil conditioning,and developed a new sulfonation process for coarse-grained,high protein sand shrubs such as Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila,which provided a certain reference value for the sulfonation of high protein content biomass such as corn straw,arundodonaxl,jujun grass,it has important application prospects.