| Camellia oleifera Abel is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Camellia of Theaceae,which is an important woody edible oil tree species in South China.Ceheng County is located in the low-heat valley area in the southwest of Guizhou Province.C.oleifera forest in this area has a wide distribution area and a long planting history,which is the main C.oleifera producing area in Guizhou Province and has an important strategic position in the development.C.oleifera has been planted for more than 300 years in southwest Guizhou,and Ceheng County has also been awarded the title of"Famous C.oleifera County in China",which has unique conditions for developing C.oleifera industry.The lack of systematic research on C.oleifera resources in this area has restricted the development of local C.oleifera industry for a long time.Reasonable comprehensive evaluation of the main characters is an important link in resource utilization,improved variety breeding and industrial development.Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the mature fruits of 40 optimized individual plants of C.oleifera in Ceheng County,Guizhou Province are comprehensively evaluated.The purpose is to explore the potential excellent quality of C.oleifera and screen the excellent comprehensive performance of C.oleifera germplasm,so as to provide material guarantee and lay a theoretical foundation for the breeding and germplasm innovation of C.oleifera in Guizhou Province.The main results are as follows:(1)The five-year average crown yield of 40 superior plants ranged from 1.99 kg/m~2to5.86 kg/m~2,and the kernel fat content from 25.38%to 52.99%.The results of variability analysis showed that the variation coefficients of peroxide value,fertile seed number,single fruit weight and 100 seed weight were 247.4%,32.2%,22.4%and 25.7%,respectively,which indicated that C.oleifera in Ceheng County had great improvement potential in these traits.(2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation between 16 main characters of C.oleifera fruit in Ceheng County was significant,the correlation between phenotypic characters and seed characters was complex and significant,but the correlation between phenotypic characters and oil quality was weak.The indexes which correlated with the single fruit weight of 40 excellent C.oleifera plants were polyunsaturated fatty acids,kernel fat content,100-seed weight and so on;Acid value,kernel fat content,dry seed rate and so on were the indexes significantly correlated with the appearance size of C.oleifera fruit.The correlation between kernel fat content and several seed characters reached a very significant level.(3)Principal component extraction and cluster analysis of 16 main characters were carried out.Five principal components represented by single fruit weight,peel thickness,number of fertile seeds,total unsaturated fatty acids and physical and chemical properties of oil were extracted,and the sixth principal component represented by comprehensive index.The contribution rates of the six principal components were 23.71%,14.34%,13.47%,9.05%,7.28%and 6.31%in turn,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 74.15%.Cluster analysis clustered 16 traits into 4 categories when Euclidean distance was 1.(4)The comprehensive scores of 40 excellent plants were ranked,and the top ten excellent plants with comprehensive scores were screened out as follows:CY-6>CY-13>CY-31>CY-11>CY-16>CY-22>CY-28>CY-23>CY-24>CY-29.70%of the top10 excellent pearls with five-year average crown yield of 40 excellent plants rank in the top ten comprehensively.(5)The contents of total carotenoid,total polyphenol,total flavonoids,β-sitosterol,squalene and vitamin E of 10 excellent plants were determined.The results showed that the squalene contents of 10 excellent plants ranged from 65.3 mg/kg to 220.6 mg/kg,which reached the national standard of special grade oil;Onlyα-vitamin E was detected in vitamin E component,and the total amount of vitamin E in 10 excellent plants ranged from 12.4 to 21.9mg/100g,all of which reached the organization standard of special grade camellia seed oil. |
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