| Fisheries make an important contribution to the gross national product,among which marine fisheries,as an important part of the fishery economy,have multiple meanings in the aspects of people’s livelihood,food security,ecological civilization and geopolitical pattern.Fishing fuel subsidy,as the largest financial transfer in the central government’s support for "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",has indeed effectively alleviated the economic pressure on fishermen from rising diesel prices,but it has also brought a series of negative impacts,such as stimulating the expansion of fishing boat production capacity.,causing the depletion of marine resources,etc.Controversy and contradictions have become increasingly prominent in the fishery fuel subsidy policy on issues such as increasing the income of fishermen,stabilizing the fishery economy,and promoting aquaculture and the sustainable development of marine resources.Although fishery fuel subsidies have been reduced year by year in recent years,the rise in oil prices has put pressure on fishermen’s livelihoods.How to protect fishermen’s livelihoods in the context of the decline of fishery fuel subsidies is an important issue.At present,there are not many studies on fishery fuel subsidies in the world.In addition,the transparency of fuel subsidies in various countries in the world is relatively low.Based on the ecological,social and economic aspects,this paper will promote the tripartite linkage between the government,fishermen and enterprises to With the goal of being green,efficient and innovative,it evaluates and analyzes the fishermen’s livelihood under the background of the decline of fishery fuel subsidies,and provides scientific advice for improving fishermen’s livelihood and promoting the sustainable development of fishery.Research on domestic and foreign literature on fishery fuel subsidies and fishermen’s livelihood,sort out the concepts of marine fishing industry and fishery fuel subsidies,draw on theories of public resources and the tragedy of the commons,external effects and sustainable development,and conduct theoretical analysis to determine research methods and ideas.Based on the data of 541 fishery questionnaires in the fishing villages at the junction of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea under the jurisdiction of Dalian,the fishermen’s livelihood indicator system was constructed,and the fishermen’s livelihood and fishery fuel subsidy policy were empirically analyzed from five dimensions.The overall livelihood situation;using the entropy method to analyze the fishermen’s livelihood index weight and comprehensive score;using the correlation analysis and optimal scale regression analysis method,taking the fishermen’s income and cost as the regression object,to study the influence of fishery fuel subsidies on the fishermen’s income and cost.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Through descriptive statistical analysis of 541 questionnaire data,it is found that the fishermen population is aging seriously,and the education level is generally low.The average age of fishermen is 52.6 years old,and more than half of the fishermen are 60 years old and above.The age structure of the population is of a declining type,and the marine fishery is facing an unsustainable population crisis;the fishermen are educated at high school or below,and more than one third of the population is The fishermen have only received primary education,and the education level of the fishermen is generally low,resulting in the overall backwardness of the ocean fishing village,which is mainly reflected in the management model and the modernization process.2.Through the calculation of the fishermen’s livelihood weight and comprehensive score,it is found that under the background of the decline of fishery fuel subsidies,it is imminent to change industries and industries.The situation of the fishery industry is severe,the carrying capacity of marine resources and the environment exceeds the threshold,and the amount of marine fishing decreases year by year;the amount of fishery fuel subsidies has the greatest weight and has the most significant impact on the livelihood of fishermen.In the context of the current decline in fishery fuel subsidies,fishermen’s excessive reliance on fuel subsidies has led to a significant reduction in fishermen’s income.At the same time,the amount of marine fishing has decreased year by year,and it is imminent for fishermen to switch to other industries.3.Through the optimal scale regression analysis of the characteristics of the fuel subsidy objects,it is found that the fishery fuel subsidy objects are unknown,the fuel subsidies flow to commercial fishing vessels,and the auxiliary fishing vessels lack fuel subsidies.The target of fishery fuel subsidies is fishing vessels,but there is no distinction between commercial fishing vessels and subsistence fishing vessels.Commercial fishing boats have the characteristics of large size,high fuel consumption and high degree of industrialization.Such fishing boats damage resources far more than subsistence fishing boats,and because fishery fuel subsidies are only subsidized to fishing boat owners,hired workers and fishermen on fishing boats cannot enjoy the benefits.subsistence fishermen rely on small-scale fishing boat production for their livelihoods,receive small amounts of subsidies,and are vulnerable to commercial exploitation.This deviates from the original intention of the fishery fuel subsidy,and the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen among the fishermen.4.Through the optimal scale regression analysis of fishermen’s social security status,fishery supply chain situation and policy system level,it is found that fishermen’s livelihood is not guaranteed during the fishing moratorium,the fishery supply chain system is weak,and the level of fishing system construction is backward.Because fishermen do not have second occupational skills except fishing;during the nearly fourmonth fishing moratorium,it is difficult for fishermen to engage in other jobs to obtain income,and even if they want to change jobs,there are occupational barriers,so they are very dependent on fishery fuel subsidies;Therefore,fishermen become "price takers" and are vulnerable to manipulation and usury by middlemen.In addition to the loss of value due to insufficient use of the product,it is sold as a low-value commodity due to the lack of proper handling,adequate refrigeration,and enforced food safety standards,and the profits of fishermen are greatly shrunk;the level of fishing system construction is backward,which makes fishermen in a passive position In this state,the free entry and exit of the fishery industry is restricted,resulting in inefficiency of the market and at the same time hindering the transfer of fishermen to other industries.The fishery administration supervision is not in place and the level of law enforcement is low,resulting in frequent occurrence of problems such as the declaration of fuel subsidies by counterfeit fishing boats and the extraction of fuel subsidies.5.Through the optimal scale regression analysis of the situation of the fishery industry,it is found that the fishery fuel subsidy policy has a crowding-out effect on the policy of changing industries.The purpose of the fishery fuel subsidy policy is to increase the income of fishermen and reduce the cost of fishery production.The purpose of the policy of changing industry and changing industry is to reduce the number of ships and change production and reduce the pressure on fishery resources.The essence is to divert the surplus fishery labor force to other industries.On the one hand,fuel subsidies increase income and reduce the willingness to switch industries;on the other hand,fuel subsidies increase sunk costs and inhibit non-fishing employment.Under such a mechanism of action,the effect of the policy of changing industries and jobs is crowded out by the subsidy policy for fishery fuel. |
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