| Longdong area of Gansu Province is one of the best apple growing area in China.The apple industry is in the period of transformation and upgrading.In this area,new varieties‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ are introduced due to the aging of varieties.At present,dwarf cultivation has become the mainstream,in order to better develop new varieties in this region,screening out the best dwarfing cultivation method for ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’,M26 dwaring rootstock and interstock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ under water saving irrigation mode and natural rainfall mode in Gansu Qingcheng Apple Experimental Station of Northwest A&F University,sutdy on phenological period,tree growth and development,fruit quality,yield and absorption and utilization of mineral elements,the main of results this sutdy are as follow:1.Under water-saving irrigation mode,the flowing and maturity of self-rootstock‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ are 1～3 days earlier than that of interstock.Under the natural rainfall mode,the mature period of self-root stock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ is 1～3 days earlier that of inter-rootstock,and the overall difference the waiting period is not significant.2.Under water-saving irrigation mode and natural rainfall mode,self-rootstocks can control the growth potential of ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ trees,reduce the crown width of trees,increase the proportion of short branches of trees,and reduce the proportion of long branches.The growth rate of shoots is slower than that of interstocks.Under water-saving irrigation mode,the shoot length of 5-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ is 42.67 cm and ‘Ruixue’ is35.49 cm,which is significantly lower than that of interstock.The internode length of5-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ is significantly lower than that of interstock ‘Ruiyang’;The crown width of 4-year-old and 5-year-old interstock ‘Ruiyang’ are 1.90 m and 2.03 m respectively,which are significantly higher than that of self-rootstock in same year.The proportion of short branches of self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ is 56.77% and that of ‘Ruixue’ is62.92%,which are higher than those of intermediate stock.Under natural rainfall,the shoot length,shoot diameter and internode length of 4-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ are significantly lower than those of interstock ‘Ruiyang’,and the shoot length of 4-year-old interstock ‘Ruixue’ is 37.67 cm,which is significantly higher than that of self-rootstock.3.Under water-saving irrigation mode,self-rootstock can significantly improve the yield of ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ and increase economic benefits.Under natural rainfall mode,the yield of interstock is higher than that of self-rootstock.Under the water-saving irrigation mode,the yield per plant of 5-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ is 36.30 kg,and the yield per plant of 5-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruixue’ is 25.93 kg,which is significantly higher than that of intermediate stock.The commodity rates of intermediate stock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ are higher than those of self-rootstock.Under natural rainfall mode,the yield per plant of5-year-old interstock ‘Ruiyang’ is 23.40 kg,and that of 5-year-old interstock ‘Ruixue’ is 8.99 kg,which is significantly higher than that of self-rootstock.In terms of commodity rate,the yield per plant of interstock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ is significantly higher than that of self-rootstock.4.Under water-saving irrigation mode,the single fruit weight of self-rootstock‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ is higher than that of interstock,and the opposite is observed under natural rainfall mode.Under water-saving irrigation mode and natural rainfall mode,the interstock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ can improve the hardness,storage time and commodity value of fruit.Under water-saving irrigation mode,5-year-old self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ and‘Ruixue’ has higher single fruit weight than interstock,and under natural rainfall mode,interstock is higher than self-rootstock;Under water-saving irrigation mode and natural rainfall mode,the hardness of 5-year-old interstock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ is significantly higher than that of self-rootstock.5.Under water-saving irrigation mode,self-rootstock ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’ has stronger absorption of N and K than interstock,while Ca has stronger absorption of interstock.The absorption of leaf mineral elements by self-rootstocks ‘Ruiyang’ and ‘Ruixue’is stronger than that by intermediate stock;Under natural rainfall mode,the absorption of Ca in leaves by self-rootstock ‘Ruixue’ is stronger than that by intermediate stock.6.Based on the phenological period,tree growth,yield,fruit quality and the absorption and utilization of mineral elements,it is recommended to use self-rootstock in water-saving irrigation mode and interstock in natural rainfall mode. |
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