Characteristics Of Environmental Factors During The Emergence Of Lentinus Edodes In Yan’an Area And The Effect On Fruiting Body Characters

With the gradual development of the cultivation technology of edible fungi and the promotion of the national targeted poverty alleviation strategy,Lentinus edodes,driven by the production advantages of"less investment,short cycle,quick effect and high efficiency"and high economic benefits,has gradually developed and extended from the south to the north,and its cultivation has spread all over China.In recent years,Lentinus edodes has been grown in Shaanxi,Ningxia,Gansu and northeast of China.The cultivation of Lentinus edodes requires that the environmental factors in the cultivation environment（temperature,humidity,CO₂concentration,light intensity）be in a suitable range,and the demand for environmental factors is also different in different regions.If Lentinus edodes is planted according to a single environmental factor standard,it is easy to cause problems such as poor mycelium development,low rate of mushroom emergence and low quality of fruiting body.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the range of environmental factors suitable for Lentinus edodes cultivation and growth under different regional conditions.This study was carried out in He Zhuang Ping Town,Bao ta District,Yan’an city,Shaanxi Province from May 1,2021 to September 10,2021.The"Qihe9"of Lentinus edodes was selected as the research object,and sensors were installed at different positions and heights in the greenhouse to measure environmental factors.Using conventional cultivation methods and analysis methods,this paper systematically analyzed the change law of environmental factors and agronomic character indexes of Lentinus edodes fruiting body in different positions in the greenhouse during the mushroom emergence stage,carried out correlation analysis between them,studied the impact of environmental factors on the growth of Lentinus edodes fruiting body in the greenhouse in Yan’an area,determined the appropriate range of environmental factors,and preliminarily summarized the technical process of Lentinus edodes cultivation in the greenhouse in Yan’an area,It provides a certain basis for the scientific cultivation of Lentinus edodes in this area.The main research results are as follows:1.Temperature variation rule of greenhouse during fruiting periodThe results showed that the trend of average daily temperature at different locations showed a sinusoidal change in the edodes emergence stage of local greenhouses.There is a half hour delay in the peak temperature of the near layer compared with that of the canopy.The highest temperature on the sunny side is about 10℃higher than the highest temperature on the shady side.The temperature change trend of the sunny side and the shady side is consistent.The temperature in the shed changes with the change of sunlight,the temperature between 14:00 and 16:00 has the largest range of temperature changes,and the temperature changes in other time periods are relatively stable,the highest temperature in the first crop shed is 25℃,the lowest temperature is 15℃;The highest temperature of the second crop is 30℃,the lowest temperature is 18℃;The highest temperature of the third crop is 30℃and the lowest temperature is 20℃.2.Changes of humidity in the greenhouse during mushroom emergenceAir relative humidity directly affects mycelia development and fruiting body quality.Different locations of the average daily air humidity change law is mainly manifested as:because the morning does not roll up the screen management,so at 0 to 8 points inside the greenhouse at different positions of the relative humidity of the air basically did not change,in a stable state;At 8 o’clock began to roll up the screen,at this time inside and outside the greenhouse air circulation,the air humidity in the shed dropped sharply,until 12 o’clock stable;At 13 o’clock,the relative humidity of different locations was at the lowest value,at this time,the lowest humidity of the near ground layer on the sunny side and the shady side was about 45%,while the relative humidity of the canopy air on the sunny side and the shady side was about 30%.From 12 o’clock to 16:30,the humidity in the shed is basically in balance.16 points stops roll up the screen management,at this time the humidity in the shed began to rise,until 24 points in the evening humidity rose to the initial level of the morning.The change rule of different stubble stages is as follows:the highest humidity in the first stubble is about 80%,and the lowest humidity level at 14 points is about 60%;The highest humidity of the second stubble was 82%,and the lowest humidity remained at 50%at 14:00.The highest humidity of the third stubble was 80%,and the lowest humidity was at 14:00,varying between 40%and 60%.3.Change rule of CO₂concentration in the greenhouse during mushroom emergenceLentinus edodes is an aerobic fungus,so the CO₂ in the growth environment has a crucial impact on the growth and development of Lentinus edodes.The diurnal variation of CO₂concentration in different locations shows that the variation trend of CO₂concentration is basically the same whether it is on the sunny side or the shady side.The CO₂concentration is at its lowest level at about 500 ppm at 10 o’clock and peaks at 1900ppm at 20 o’clock.The change rule of CO₂concentration in different stubble is as follows:the highest concentration of CO₂in the first stubble is about 700 PPM,and the lowest concentration is at 500 PPM at 12:00 noon.The highest concentration of CO₂in the second crop was about 650 PPM,and the lowest concentration was about 450 ppm at 12:00 noon.The highest concentration of CO₂in the third crop was about 600 ppm,and the lowest was about 450 ppm at 12 noon.The periodic change law is mainly shown as follows:at 8o’clock,the concentration of CO₂spillover leads to a decline,and after 20 o’clock,the concentration of CO₂rises back to the initial level.4.The variation rule of light intensity in the greenhouse during mushroom emergenceThe appropriate scattering light is beneficial to fruits body differentiation in Lentinus edodes emergence stage.The change of daily light intensity in different locations is mainly as follows:Sunlight light intensity reaches the peak at 15 o’clock,which are 3000 lux;The shade light intensity peaked at 14:00 and was 2000 lux.The change of light intensity at different stages is as follows:the first light intensity increases from 0 lux at 6 o’clock to3000 lux at 12 o’clock with the change of sunlight exposure,and then begins to decline until the light intensity in the shed changes back to 0 lux at 20 o’clock when the sun sets.The variation trend of light intensity in the three crops is similar,but the peak value is slightly different.The chief crop peaked at 1700 lux,the second at 3000 lux and the third at4000 lux.The variation rule of periodic light intensity is as follows:the variation range of light intensity is large from 10 o’clock to 14 o’clock,and the light intensity is stable in other periods.5.Agronomic characters of fruiting body at fruiting stageThrough the correlation analysis between environmental factors and fruiting body characters,it was found that humidity was significantly positively correlated with cap diameter,light intensity was significantly positively correlated with stalk length,cap diameter and Lentinus edodes yield were significantly positively correlated,indicating that humidity and light intensity were important factors affecting the growth of Lentinus edodes.Through the significance analysis of fruiting body characters at different positions of each tide,it is found that the position near the stratum on the sunny side grows best in each tide,and there is a significant difference with other positions.Therefore,it shows that the position near the stratum on the sunny side is more suitable for the growth of Lentinus edodes in each tide,so the humidity range should be controlled between 80～90%;The light intensity shall be controlled between 500～1000 lux;The temperature range should be15～25℃.