| Apples(Malus domestica Borkh.)are favored by consumers because of their sweet and sour taste and comprehensive nutritional value.China’s current main cultivar is ’Fuji’,its cultivation area accounts for more than 70% of the total cultivation area in China,resulting in concentrated fruit maturity,unreasonable variety structure problems are becoming more and more prominent,at the same time,the quality of fruit is uneven,the rate of fine fruit is low,and the production quality is high quality’ Fuji’s fruits must be bagged,and the resulting production costs have increased year by year,and problems have become an important factor restricting the high-quality development of China’s apple industry.In recent years,China’s apple breeding work has made certain achievements,the selection and breeding of many new varieties,but the comprehensive traits are excellent,can be widely promoted to plant varieties are very few,therefore,to accelerate the breeding of varieties with independent intellectual property rights and excellent quality suitable for large-scale promotion of planting has become particularly important.In this experiment,the resistance of 14 hybrid lines to powdery mildew and rot disease was investigated in the field,the short-term drought treatment of five key preferred lines was carried out to evaluate drought resistance,and the skin of the hybrid offspring of ’Honeycrisp’and ’Changfu 2’ was analyzed for metabolic components.The main results are as follows:1.The superior line N 22-40 matures in late August,and the S 49-79 matures similarly to the N 22-40;The fruit of the dominant line E 67-63,S 39-66,W 65-5,E 07-107,E 2-14,S 39-134,E 64-92 and W 83-92 ripen in September,and the fruits of E 71-31,W 98-110,N 12-150 and S 8-21 ripen in October.2.The 14 hybrid lines can be divided into red and yellow according to the difference in fruit color,with a total of 10 red lines and 4 yellow lines.The 9 superior line of W 83-92,W65-5,E 2-14,E 67-63,N 22-40,E 71-31,N 12-150,E 64-92 and S 49-79 are uniformly colored,clean and can be cultivated without bags.The superior lines S 39-66 meat is tender and crisp,with unique flavor and the best quality bagged fruit.W 83-92 soluble solids content is high,the pulp hardness is moderate,the brittleness is high,the acidity is high,and it can be planted and promoted as a fresh food and processing dual-purpose variety in the future.The superior lines E 07-107,E 67-63,S 8-21 and S 39-134 showed high resistance to powdery mildew.E07-107 and E 2-14 are the most resistant to apple canker.The drought resistance of the five key superior lines is S 49-79 > E 71-31 > E 67-63 > N 22-40 > W 83-92.On the whole,the 7superior lines of E 67-63,E 71-31,E 2-14,S 39-66,S 39-134,N 12-150,W 83-92 are excellent and have good prospects for development.3.Through the analysis of metabolic components of the superior line S 49-79 and its parents ’Honeycrisp’ and ’Changfu 2’,a total of 190 flavonoids and 24 tannins were detected.A total of 74 different metabolites were screened,and these metabolites were mainly enriched in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway,isoflavone biosynthesis pathway,flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis pathway.According to the analysis of the results of the previous relevant studies combined with the experimental results,it is concluded that the red color of the two parent peels is mainly due to the enrichment of flavonoids in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway,while the yellow color of the peel of the hybrid offspring is due to the enrichment of isoflavonoids in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway. |
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