Forest Fire Risk Zoning In Wutai Mountain Forest Region Based On GIS

Based on the data from the Wutai Mountain Forest Resources Survey in 2019,this paper takes the Wutai Mountain forest area in Shanxi Province in the central part of the Taihang Mountains as the research object,and collects the understory fuel load data of the main tree species in the forest area and the Wutai Mountain weather data.With the help of overlay analysis method and buffer analysis method,the relevant methods and principles of geographic information system are used to analyze the forest fuel factors,topographic factors,anthropogenic factors,and climate factors in the Wutai Mountain forest area.Combining the relevant technical methods of GIS,expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process are used to assign values to various fire risk factors.They formed the forest fire risk zoning map of the Wutai Mountain forest area,which provided decision support for forest fire zoning,forest fire protection,and biological fire protection belt construction in the Taihang Mountains.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the factors that affect forest fire risk in descending order of degree of influence are forest combustible factor,human activity factor,climate factor,and terrain factor.The index layer factors affect the degree of forest fire from large to small,respectively,including combustible load,distance from tomb head landlord,distance from human activities,humidity,surface vegetation cover type,distance of farmland,slope position,temperature,tree species type,slope,canopy closure,slope direction,precipitation,wind,forest age type,altitude.(2)The medium,high,and extremely high fire risk areas within the forest fire risk zoning map of Wutai Mountain are close to 75%of the total area,reaching 50430.55hm2.The area of extremely high fire risk area is 6,313.70hm2,mostly concentrated in areas where there are more human activities and pure coniferous forests,such as Nanlianggou,Dazhajian,Changchengling,Tongqiangou,Taihuai Town,etc.;The low and extremely low fire risk areas are mostly concentrated in deep mountain forest areas with higher altitudes and less human activities.Roads,residential areas,farmland,forest on both sides of the mound and pure coniferous forest areas are prone to forest fires.(3)Our forest fire danger index analysis is based on Surface vegetation cover type,tree species type,canopy density,forest age type,combustible material load,slope,aspect,elevation,slope position,distance from human activities,distance from farmland and graves,Temperature,humidity,precipitation,wind.Then we summarize the feasible countermeasures of preventing forest fire by human activity factor,forest fuel factor,terrain factor and meteorological factor.We propose to implement measures to reduce the impact of man-made activities in forest areas with high fire risk index,such as strengthening publicity and education,fire source management,ground patrol,and fixed-point monitoring of observation decks;The forest fire natural barriers,fire lines,fire belt construction and mixed forest construction methods Combustibles factor limitation technology are used to reduce forest fire risk;fire prevention strategies based on terrain factors such as the application of fire-resistant tree species on sunny slopes,the establishment of fences and isolation belts on uphill positions,and the layout of fire forest belts in steep slope areas can help reduce forest fire risks;strengthen the area,Climate factor monitoring,fire risk forecasting,forest fire occurrence forecasting and forest fire behavior forecasting can further reduce the fire risk index.