A Study Of The Nine-side Guard Commander In The Ming Dynasty

In November 1367,General Xu Da,who was appointed by Zhu Yuanzhang,often led the army to the Northern Expedition in Spring.This army was broken down and occupied Beijing in September 1368.Later,the Ming army defeated the Mongols in Shanxi and Shaanxi,and restored its rule along the Great Wall.In 1370,after stabilizing Sichuan,Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the army to regroup,led by Xu Da,Li Wenzhong and Feng Sheng,and marched in three ways to clean up the remnant strength of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.However,the Northern Expedition was not smooth.Xu Da and Li Wenzhong were defeated by the Mongols.Only Feng Sheng achieved some results,recovered the Hexi Corridor and established the rule of the Ming Dynasty in Gansu.The defeat of the Ming army quickly attracted the crazy counterattack of the generals of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.Liaodong,Beiping,Shanxi and Shaanxi were all affected.However,the Ming army still had military advantages and quickly defeated the Northern Yuan army.After this campaign,Zhu Yuanzhang changed the border policy.On the basis of not giving up the military expedition,he began to build parochial borders in the north,build fortresses,and carry out active defense,forming a military defense zone of ' from the east of Liaoning to Gansu,the border wall is winding and the fire is echoing '.This is the embryonic form of “ nine sides ” in the Ming Dynasty.After his inauguration,in order to strengthen the defense of the northern frontier,Zhu Di appointed Jing Nangong Minister as the chief military officer,and granted him the power to control the generals,manage grain and military equipment,and act cheaply.At the same time,in order to prevent the gendarmerie from forming the trend of ending up and separating from the local,the three generations of Cheng Zu,Ren Zong and Xuan Zong have been making efforts.From the beginning of Yongle Dynasty,they intentionally dispatched eunuchs and deputy generals to monitor and divide the power of the gendarmerie.The two emperors of Ren and Xuan further standardized the power range of the gendarmerie,not only established the system of the general ' s printing,but also abolished the power to control the military horses in many towns.At this time,civil servants and eunuchs officially entered the military town,so that the gendarmerie had a trend of transforming from the original central dispatched officials to local officials.After Tianshun,the system of Chief Conservator has been continuously improved,and gradually formed a complete system of officers.The Commander-in-Chief has local authority to control the Metropolitan Guard,but within the military system,his authority is divided by the Deputy Commander-inChief.On the other hand,the civil service system and the eunuch system have grown and developed at this time.The power originally belonging to the general officer is divided into three parts.The general officer,the patrol officer and the guard officer are in parallel,and the three sides are in checks and balances.However,due to the inherent hostility of civil servants to eunuchs,the struggle between them became more and more intense.Finally,the civil service group won the victory and gained the leadership of the military town,and the military town pattern of “ civilian-controlled military ” finally formed.After Longqing,the selection of general officers in the town gradually tends to be regional and family-oriented.The most sophisticated armyfamily in the town is firmly controlled by the general officers.After having the capital to compete with the governor,the general officers do not listen to restraint.