A Study Of North Korea's Envoys Dispatched To The Qing Dynasty And Their Activities In China

Through two conquest by force,Qing Dynasty concluded the treaty of Ding Chou and formally established a Suzerain-vassal relationship with Joseon Dynasty in 1637.Under the provisions of the "Ding Chou Treaty",Joseon Dynasty severed ties with Ming Dynasty and began to bow to Qing dynasty and regularly sent envoys to Qing Dynasty to pay tribute.In addition,in the event of offer libation,thanks,and So on,it was also necessary to send envoys into Qing Dynasty.Moreover,Qing dynasty also sent orders to Joseon and ordered the Joseon king to be conferred with the gift of coronations and sacrifices.The group of Joseon envoys has become a microcosm of the development of Sino-North Korean relations,which plays a very important role in the Suzerain-vassal relationship.Because of this,Joseon Dynasty attaches great importance to the choice of envoys of Qing Dynasty.In addition to sending royal relatives in accordance with the requirements of the Qing Dynasty,there are corresponding requirements for the knowledge,diplomatic ability and family origin of envoys.For the envoy's reward and punishment,we can also see that Joseon Dynasty attaches importance to sending envoys.What's more,the Joseon envoys in the Qing Dynasty not only completed their political mission,but also carried out extensive sightseeing and exchanges in the Qing Dynasty.Chinese Buddhist temples,mountains and rivers,folk arts,places of interest,that is,let the Joseon envoys hang around,but also aroused the infinite feelings of "The conviction of honoring the Ming Dynasty" in their hearts.In the communication with the literati of the Qing Dynasty,the envoys of other countries and many other groups,the Joseon envoys can also see his nostalgia for Ming Dynasty and his pride in his own "Little China" identity.This article takes the Joseon envoys as the center,through two aspects to explore the topic.The first aspect takes the political nature of the Joseon envoys as the focus,including the composition,selection,reward and punishment of the Joseon envoys.And the article will be sorted the following aspects,such as the tribute route of the Joseon envoys,the corresponding management of the emissary in the Qing Dynasty,the food and accommodation of the Joseon envoys after entering Beijing and the etiquette activities he participates in,as well as the reward.The political characteristics of Joseon envoys are often in line with the construction of Suzerain-vassal relations between the two sides.However,if we want to truly explore their psychological state when they were on an envoy to the Qing Dynasty,we must rely on their other activities in China in addition to political activities.Therefore,in the second aspect,on the basis of analyzing the relevant situation of Joseon envoys,this article explores the psychological state of Joseon envoys when they was on an envoy to the Qing Dynasty by combing their activities in China with the help of the "Yan xing lu" written by the envoys.This paper divides their activities in China into two parts,one is their sightseeing in the Qing Dynasty,including the human landscape,natural landscape and places of interest of the Qing Dynasty.In addition,there is the cultural activities of the Qing Dynasty they watched,such as acrobatics,magic and drama.Second is their exchanges in China,including the Qing Dynasty literati,businessmen,monks,the bottom people and other different groups of envoys from different country.Through the activities of the Joseon envoys in China,we can see through their "Hua Yi idea" hidden under the "great relationship".Under the constraints of the Suzerain-vassal relationship,Joseon Dynasty the Qing,but culturally,it always adhered to the "debate on Huayi" and regarded the Qing as the "barbarity." we can see the dual psychology of Joseon Dynasty's political respect and cultural contempt for the Manchu regime.