Character Evaluation And SSR Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Wild Oat Germplasm Resources In Israel

Oats is a multi-grain crop for both food and feed in the world.Because of its balanced and rich nutrition,the planting area is increasing day by day.Abundant germplasm resources are the basic materials for breeding.Due to the lack of excellent oat materials and genetic sources,the breeding process is slower.The "Fertile Crescent" of the Middle East,where Israel is located,is the origin of wild triticales.Wild oat in Israel is distributed from the northern mountains to the southern Negev desert and the Mediterranean coast,which are the center of genetic diversity and the source of high-quality materials and excellent gene pool.Germplasm is the basic material of crop breeding,the availability of germplasm must be assessed before the use of existing materials,the most traditional germplasm assessment is the survey and statistics of field phenotypic traits.Therefore,this paper uses 105 hexaploid wild oat germplasm resources from different regions of Israel and surrounding areas as materials,and investigates 15 quantitative traits in two planting environments,including 10 agronomic traits(Plant height,Number of spikelets per plant,First glume length,Hay weight,Thousand-grain weight,Spike length,Flag leaf length,Flag leaf width,Total tillers per plant,Effective tillers per plant)And 5 nutritional indicators(Total flavonoid content,Total phenol content,Phytic acid content,Inorganic phosphorus content and Amino content),and analyzed the variation of these15 quantitative traits,and screened the germplasm with excellent performance in each quantitative trait,which can meet the material shortcomings caused by different breeding goals,and also analyzed the correlation between the quantitative traits,finally,95 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Israeli wild oats,and the SSR markers were used to perform association analysis with the quantitative traits of the two environments.1.Quantitative trait analysisIn the two environments,the plant height,number of spikelets per plant,first glume length,hay weight,thousand-grain weight,Spike length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,total tiller number per plant,effective tillers per plant,total flavonoid content,total phenol content,phytic acid content,inorganic phosphorus content and amino content vary widely.In Chengdu,the coefficient of variation of 15 quantitative traits is between 4.15% and 46.94%,of which the largest coefficient of variation is46.94% of the total tillers per plant,and the smallest is the amino content of 4.15%;In Guiyang,the coefficient of variation of 16 quantitative traits is between 5.49% and38.13%,the load-bearing indexes with the largest and smallest coefficient of variation are consistent with Chengdu,the result shows that two traits are less affected by environmental factors.The traits that are greatly affected by the environment include the number of spikelets per plant,flag leaf length,thousand-grain weight,spike length,total flavonoid content,inorganic phosphorus content,and phytic acid,indicating that these traits have a large range of genetic variation,there is more room for improvement.Correlation analysis found that the correlation between multiple quantitative traits reached a significant or extremely significant level,and it also reflected the complex relationship between each trait that is interrelated and restricts each other.Principal component analysis found that 7 principal components can be extracted from the 15 traits in the two test sites,reflecting more than 85% of the information.Through the cluster analysis of quantitative traits,it is found that the quantitative traits can be clustered into 4 categories in both environments.2.Genetic diversity analysis of SSR Markers in Wild Oat Germplasms95 pairs of primers with high polymorphism were selected from 390 pairs of SSR primers.95 pairs of primers amplified 407 alleles in 105 wild oat germplasm,with an average of 4.28 alleles per locus,the number of alleles(Na)detected by each pair of SSR primers is 2-8;the mean number of effective alleles(Ne)is 2.359,distributed between 1.013-4.684;the Shannon Information Index(I)has an average value of 1.019,distributed between 0.562-1.628;the average value of gene diversity(H)is 0.536,which is distributed between 0.270-0.746;the amount of polymorphic information(PIC)is between 0.505-0.874,with an average value of 0.70.The genetic similarity coefficients of 105 wild oats varied from 0.293 to 0.9419,with an average value of 0.508.The frequency of genetic similarity coefficients for105 germplasms showed a unimodal distribution.The genetic similarity coefficient is in the range of 0.56-0.72,accounting for 80.25%.From the point of view of genetic similarity coefficients,Ecg-2 have lower genetic similarity coefficients with Atl-1 and Atl-11,which are 0.293 and 0.296,respectively.,it shows that they have a far kinship,however the genetic similarity coefficient between Ecg-2 and Ecg-10 is 0.9419,it shows that the kinship between them is very close.When the genetic similarity coefficient is 0.715,105 wild oat germplasms are divided into 6 groups.There are very complicated genetic relationships between wild oat germplasms and the genetic diversity is very rich.3.Association analysis between SSR markers and Agronomic TraitsIn the two environments,22 markers were detected to be significantly associated with the investigated traits,Six of these markers can be detected in both environments,and two of them are associated with two traits at the same time.The above results provide materials and theoretical support for the innovation of germplasm resources in China and further study on the genetic evolution and diversity of oats.