| BackgroundThe inclusion of gaming disorders in ICD-11 by the World Health Organization（WHO）is based on extensive evidence on pathological gaming and a multi-national consultation of academic experts.By reviewing relevant literature,it was found that German scholars such as Kerstin developed an assessment tool for children and adolescents with gaming disorder based on the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder,and successfully verified that it has good sensitivity,reliability and validity in the German adolescent population,and a good evaluation tool.Tools should also undergo cross-regional and cross-cultural validation.In order to meet the assessment needs of adolescent gaming disorder in my country,this study verified its reliability and validity by translating and testing the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents（GADIS-A）,providing a reliable assessment tool for the research,diagnosis and treatment of adolescent gaming disorder in my country.Objectives1.Citing and translating the German Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents to meet the needs of Chinese adolescent gaming disorder assessment.2.To verify the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents.3.To investigate the current situation of game disorder and Internet addiction among adolescents in Xinxiang and Kaifeng.Methods1.The research object:The research object of this subject is the German Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents（GADIS-A）.This scale was published in 2020 by Kerstin et al.As an assessment tool for GD in children and adolescents based on ICD-11,and successfully verified in German adolescents that it has good reliability,validity and sensitivity.2.The test object:Using the method of systematic stratified cluster sampling,950students from 19 classes of a middle school in Xinxiang city and 9 classes from a high school in Weishi County,Kaifeng City were selected and 853 people were surveyed.3.The research methods:（1）Translation:After obtaining the authorization of the original author,two psychology graduate students and two English professionals（without medical background）were invited to translate the GADIS-A scale respectively.Ask another English scholar to translate it back and compare it with the original entry,adjust the ambiguity and form the first draft.Two doctors of psychology were invited to discuss the differences,and the content of the scale was revised and improved again in combination with experts’opinions.Pre-testing was carried out in the clinical adolescent group,and the semantically incomprehensible parts of the items were adjusted,and finally the Chinese version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents used in this study was formed.（2）Survey:With the informed consent of the student and parents,psychology teachers and postgraduates were used as investigators and unified guidance language,stratified cluster sampling,in the form of questionnaire survey,and the collective test was carried out in classes.Students filled in the questionnaire and the questionnaire was collected on the spot.Two weeks later,10%of the students were retested with the same questionnaire to analyze the retest reliability.（3）Correlation analysis:Item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,calibration validity test and reliability test were conducted on the Chinese version of the the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents by using SPSS 26.0 software,and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the Chinese version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents by using AMOS.X~2test and Logistic regression analysis were performed on the valid results of the questionnaire survey.Results1.Through the translation-back-translation-pre-test of the German version of the GADIS-A,the localized translation of the Chinese version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents has been preliminarily completed.This scale has including 9 items about morbid gaming symptoms and 1 item about the time frequency of symptoms.Items 3,6,7,8,and 9 assess the negative consequences of gaming disorder,and items 1,2,4,and 5assess cognitive-behavioral symptoms caused by gaming disorder.2.The Chinese version of the GADIS-A was analyzed by independent samples t test and Pearson correlation test,and the differences in the mean values of each item were significant.The Pearson correlation coefficients of each item ranged from 0.667 to 0.760,and were significant.3.After exploratory factor analysis,the Chinese version of the GADIS-A can extract two factors.The characteristic value of factor 1 is 4.3715,the characteristic value of factor2 is 1.035,the cumulative variance is 0.638.After confirmatory factor analysis,the fit indexes of the Chinese version of GADIS-A were as follows:X~2/df was 4.537,GFI was0.963,TLI was 0.941,CFI was 0.957,and RMSEA was 0.072.4.The Chinese version of Young’s Internet Addiction Self-Assessment Questionnaire were used as school standards to verify the validity of the school standards.The correlation coefficient between the scores of the Chinese version of the Young’s Internet Addiction Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the GADIS-A total score was 0.568,the correlation coefficient with factor 1 was 0.559,and the correlation coefficient with factor 2was 0.480.5.The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of Chinese version of GADIS-A scale were0.870,and the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of factor 1 and factor 2 were 0.823.The partial coefficient of the Chinese version of GADIS-A scale is 0.786.The split coefficients of factor 1 and factor 2 are 0.764 and 0.762 respectively.The retest correlation coefficient of the scale was 0.894,that of factor 1 was 0.813,and that of factor 2 was 0.768.6.According to the Chinese version of the GADIS-A scale survey,the prevalence of gaming disorder was 4.817%in adolescents.Gender,family atmosphere,getting along with parents and academic performance are all related factors that affect cognitive and behavioral symptoms and negative consequences of gaming disorder.According to the Chinese version of Young’s Internet Addiction Questionnaire,the incidence of Internet addiction was 37.591%.Age,mobile phone,economic situation,family atmosphere,getting along with parents,and academic performance all have varying degrees of influence on Internet addiction.Conclusions1.Through the translation-back-translation-pre-test of the German version of the GADIS-A,the Chinese version of the gaming disorder scale for adolescents was obtained in line with our cultural characteristics and the current situation of adolescent gaming.All items of the original scale are retained,and the scoring method remains unchanged.2.After item analysis and factor analysis,the translated Chinese version of the gaming disorder scale for adolescents has good structure and distinguishing ability.The scale has good reliability and validity through the test of calibration validity,homogeneity reliability,split-half reliability and test-retest reliability.3.Among the 1370 adolescents questionnaires,the incidence rate of adolescent gaming disorder was 4.817%,the incidence of Internet addiction was 37.591%.Family atmosphere,getting along with parents,and academic performance all have significant influence on the occurrence of Internet addiction and gaming disorder. |
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