The Protective Effect Of Polysaccharides From Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer On Inflammatory Bowel Disease Induced By DSS In Mice

In recent years,the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）has continued to increase worldwide.The age of onset of IBD is young,the mortality rate is low,and there is lack of cure.The main causes of IBD have not yet been clearly identified.The main drugs for the clinical treatment of IBD are aminosalicylic acid,hormones,etc.,but these drugs all have strong adverse reactions,and the effect is not ideal.Therefore,it is urgent to seek safe and effective therapeutic drugs.Ginseng polysaccharide（GPS）has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-gastrointestinal tumors,anti-oxidative stress,anti-inflammatory,etc.,but its protective effect on IBD is rarely reported in the literature.This paper studies the protective effect of ginseng polysaccharide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt（DSS）-induced IBD in mice.Purpose:The IBD model was established by mice freely drinking 3% DSS,the protective effect of GPS on DSS-induced IBD in mice was observed,and its mechanism of action was preliminarily explored.Method:Fifty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into Con group,DSS group,GPS 50,100 mg/kg group and positive drug Sulfasalazine（SASP）group according to body weight,10 mice in each group.Except for the Con group,mice in the other groups drank 3% DSS freely.The GPS low-dose and high-dose groups were given GPS 50 and 100 mg/kg by gavage,respectively.The positive drug group was given SASP 500mg/kg ig.The mice in the DSS group and the Con group were given the same volume of distilled water by ig,and the ig volume was 20 m L/kg,twice a day,for 7consecutive days.Fecal occult blood and characters were observed 7 days after modeling,and disease activity index（DAI）was evaluated.The mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital 30 mg/kg,and sacrificed.Colon tissue was collected to measure the length of the colon;HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the colon;the level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）was detected by fluorescence microscopy;Malondialdehyde（MDA）content and catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）and glutathione（GSH-px）activities in colon tissue;ELISA The kits were used to detect the contents of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18,IFN-γ and TNF-α in colon tissue;immunohistochemical detection of colon tissue myeloperoxidase（MPO）,protein tyrosine kinase 2（Janus kinases2,p-JAK2）,Signal transducer and activator of transcription1（p-STAT1）protein expression;Western Blot detection of NOD-like receptor protein 3（NOD-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3）inflammasome-related protein expression levels.Results:1.The general experimental results showed that compared with the Con group,the DAI index of the mice in the DSS group was significantly reduced（p<0.01）,and the colon length was significantly shortened（p<0.01）;compared with the DSS group,the GPS 50 and 100 mg/kg dose groups and SASP group DAI index increased significantly（p<0.01）,colon length increased significantly（p<0.01）.2.The results of HE staining showed that the crypt structure in the Con group was complete and clear;the inflammatory cell infiltration in the DSS group increased,the crypt was twisted and there was deep tissue damage,and some colons of mice were eroded and ulcerated;the colons of the mice in the GPS 50 mg/kg dose group The infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced,and some crypt structures were intact;the colonic infiltrating inflammatory cells in the GPS 100 mg/kg group and the SASP group were significantly reduced,and the crypt structures were relatively intact.3.The results of ELISA and q PCR showed that compared with the Con group,the contents of IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-18,IFN-γ and TNF-α and the expression of corresponding m RNA in the colon tissue of the DSS group mice were significantly increased（p<0.01）;compared with the DSS group,the contents of cytokines and the corresponding m RNA expressions in the GPS 50,100 mg/kg dose group and the SASP group were significantly decreased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.4.The results of DHE and biochemical kits showed that compared with the Con group,the level of ROS in the colon tissue of the mice in the DSS group was increased（p<0.01）,the activities of GSH-px,SOD and CAT were significantly decreased（p<0.01）,and the content of MDA was significantly decreased（p<0.01）.significantly increased（p<0.01）;compared with the DSS group,the levels of ROS in the colon tissue of the GPS 50,100 mg/kg and SASP groups were decreased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）,GSH-px,SOD and The activity of CAT was significantly increased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）,and the content of MDA was significantly decreased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.5.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the Con group,the expressions of p-JAK2,p-STAT1 and MPO in the colon tissue of the mice in the DSS group were significantly increased（p<0.01）;the expressions in the GPS50 and 100 mg/kg dose groups were significantly decreased（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.6.Western Blot results showed that compared with the Con group,the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 and Cleaved Caspase-1 proteins in the colon tissue of the mice in the DSS group were significantly increased（p<0.01）.The 100 mg/kg dose group and the SASP group could significantly reduce the expression of the above proteins（p<0.05 or p<0.01）.Conclusion:Ginseng polysaccharide can reduce the DAI index of DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice,increase the length of colon in mice,reduce pathological damage,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity.Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT1/NLPR3 inflammatory body signaling pathway.