Exosomes Derived From Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Repair By Transplantation In Ischemic Rats

Background Stroke is the third leading cause of disease death globally,and it can cause motor and neuropsychological disorders.Ischemic stroke,which accounts for almost 80% of all stroke events,is triggered by a disruption of the cerebral blood flow.Depending on where the ischemic stroke occurs,it can impair patients’ sensory processing abilities,communication,cognition,and motor function.Although few of them end in complete functional healing,there are no long-term successful therapeutic therapies for stroke.Exosomes are tiny membrane vesicles originating from endosomes that vary in size from 30 to 100 nm in diameter and are released into extracellular fluids by cells in all living systems.Exosomes transport proteins,lipids,and genetic materials between cells and perform critical intercellular connectivity roles by transporting cargo between source and target cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.New science breakthroughs suggest that exosomes(derived from NSCs)are the significant vehicle for transporting material between cells and promote neuroplasticity,neuroprotection,and neurogenesis,which may help develop novel post-stroke recovery techniques.ObjectiveThis study aimed to see how exosomes(derived from NSCs)transplantation affected the extent of inflammation in rats suffering from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage and how it enhanced the functional recovery of damaged nerves in rats.Method1.Exosomes produced from neural stem cells(NSCs)were isolated from a 14-day pregnant female rat’s hippocampus.These exosomes(derived from NSCs)were cultured,identified,proliferated,and differentiated after extraction.2.The occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion(MCAO/R,occluded 90min)procedure was used to create a rat ischemia-reperfusion model.Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SHAM group),phosphate buffer(PBS)control group,and exosomes(derived from NSCs)transplantation group.3.Then,at the 1st,3rd,14 th,and 28 th days after stroke and transplantation,the neurological functions were assessed by different methods,i.e.,mNSS score,rotarod test,infarct volume,the cerebrospinal fluid were collected and then detected by ELISA.Results1.The exosomes’ neural activity(derived from NSCs)transplantation population was slightly better than the PBS group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.The infarct amount of the exosomes(derived from NSCs)transplantation group was slightly lower than that of the PBS group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).3.The amount of TNF-α and IL-1β in cerebrospinal fluid of exosomes(derived from NSCs)transplantation group was lesser than those in the control group at 1st,3rd,14 th days.The levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in exosomes group were higher than that in the control group.The difference had statistically significant(P<0.05).ConclusionIn rats,exosomes(derived from NSCs)transplantation can reduce inflammatory responses and nerve cell damage following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and facilitate nerve function recovery.